Richard FitzNeal

Richard FitzNeal ( 1130 – 10 September 1198) was a churchman and bureaucrat in the service of Henry II of England. He served as Lord High Treasurer of the Exchequer from 1156 to 1196 and wrote the Dialogus de Scaccario (Dialogue concerning the Exchequer), the first administrative treatise of the Middle Ages. He also served as the Bishop of London from 1189 until his death in 1198.

Life

In 1158 or 1159 Nigel, Bishop of Ely, paid Henry II to appoint his natural son, Richard FitzNeal, as the king's treasurer. Richard was the great nephew of Roger, Bishop of Salisbury, who had organized the exchequer under Henry I, when it was separated from the Chamberlain's office in the king's household. Henry II, who was an astute judge of character and inspired great loyalty, was well served by Richard, who held the post of Lord Treasurer at the head of Henry's exchequer for almost the next 40 years. Concurrently, Richard was Dean of Lincoln, a major administrative position in an important English diocese. In 1184 he was made Prebendary of Aylesbury. He also held the prebend of Chiswick in the diocese of London. It is in the Dialogue that Richard recorded an oral story told him by Henry of Blois, grandson of William the Conqueror and Bishop of Winchester, about the origins of Domesday Book, which according to Henry of Blois's story was made so that "every man might be content with his own rights, and not encroach unpunished on those of others".

As well as being treasurer, FitzNeal was rewarded with the position of bishop of London from 1189 until his death in 1198. He was nominated on 15 September 1189 and consecrated on 31 December 1189. The Diocese of London ranks third in honour in the Church of England, after the Archdioceses of Canterbury and York.

Evidence from FitzNeal's writings shows that Richard had read the Institutes but that he seems to have not read the Digest, although he may have known of it.

FitzNeal was replaced as treasurer in 1196 by William of Ely. He died on 10 September 1198.