Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky

Pyotr Petrovich Semyonov or Semenov (; 2 January (New style: 14 January), 1827 – 26 February (New style: 11 March), 1914) was a Russian geographer and statistician who managed the Russian Geographical Society for more than 40 years. He gained international fame for his pioneering exploration of the Tian Shan mountains. He changed his surname to "Semyonov of Tian Shan" (Семёнов-Тян-Шанский, Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky) at the age of 79.

Several of his descendants, including a son, Andrey Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky, a daughter, , and a grandson Oleg Semenov-Tian-Shansky became scientists of note.

Life Pyotr Semenov was born into a noble family and studied at Saint Petersburg University. Together with Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Semenov attended secret meetings of the "Petrashevsky Circle" (a literary discussion group of progressive-minded commoner-intellectuals in St. Petersburg). During the 1850s he studied geography and geology in Berlin under Alexander Humboldt and Carl Ritter, whose writings he translated into Russian.

On Humboldt's suggestion, Semenov determined to explore the largely unknown mountains of the Tian Shan. In 1856, he set off from Barnaul on his first expedition, passing through the Altay Mountains and visiting Lake Issyk Kul on his way. In 1857, he returned to the Tian Shan, exploring the interior of this hitherto unknown mountain range. Semenov was the first European to see the scenic panorama of the Tengri Tag, and its most beautiful peak, the colossal Khan Tengri.

One of his most interesting discoveries was to disprove Humboldt's earlier claims about Tian Shan's supposed volcanic origins. Semenov found no evidence of volcanic activity anywhere in the mountains. He donated his collection to the Hermitage Museum where it still resides, though some of the more prominent ones were sold by the Soviets in the 1930s.

His insect collection consisted of ca. 700,000 specimens, while more than a hundred new species were named after him.

Tributes

In 1866, botanists Regel & Herder Semenovia, which is a genus of flowering plants from Central Asia and China, belonging to the family Apiaceae. It was named in his honour. The 4895m Semenov-Tian-Shansky Peak and the 5816m Semyonov Peak are named after him. On 14 January 2021, Google celebrated his 194th birthday with a Google Doodle.