Mohammed Rafique Mughal

Muhammad Rafiq Mugal (born 1936) is a Pakistani archaeologist, engaged in investigating of ethnoarchaeological research in Chitral, northern Pakistan. He has been responsible for the direction, technical support and supervision for restoration and conservation of more than thirty monuments and excavated remains of the Islamic, Buddhist and Proto-historic periods, in Punjab, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit-Baltistan of Pakistan. He served as a professor of archaeology and heritage management and the director of undergraduate studies at Boston University. He is now Professor Emeritus of Archaeology at Boston University.

Contributions in restoration and conservation Mughal supervised the preparation of a number of conservation and restoration projects of archaeological and architectural heritage of Pakistan. He also planned, organized and directed archaeological fieldworks and research projects of extensive surveys involving documentation of sites, monuments, and excavations across the world on locations of diverse cultural contents ranging in date from the Prehistoric to Islamic periods. He also conducted extensive surveys in co-ordination of various international archaeologists for explorations in Sindh, Balochistan, Punjab, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and Northern Areas of Pakistan that led to the discovery of various settlements of the Indus Civilization and of other cultural contents. Jalilpur, 1971 and 1976 Jhang, 1974 Sutkagan Dor, 1960 Sar al-Jisr (Bahrain), 1980–81 and 1981–82 Bhiro Bham, 1964.

Punjab Province Cholistan, 1974, 1975, 1976 and 1977

Articles: 2005 Impact of urbanisation around the city of Lahore and the world heritage monument of Shalamar Garden. In Proceedings of ICOMOS 15th General Assembly and Scientific Symposium on “Monuments in their Setting: Conserving Cultural Heritage in Changing Townscapes and Landscapes,” Volume 1: 419–24. World Publishing Corporation, Xi’an. 2005 Monuments at Kunya-Urgench, Turkmenistan: Comments on preservation, policies, and procedures. Circle of Inner Asian Art. 20:16–9. 2005 Sir Aurel Stein's papers on the survey of Ghaggar-Hakra River, 1940–42. In South Asian Archaeology 2001, edited by C. Jarrige and V. Lefevre: 277-80. Paris. 2005 Geoarchaeology of Harappa's eastern countryside: Observations along the buried bed of the Upper Beas River, Punjab Province, Pakistan. In South Asian Archaeology 2001, edited by C. Jarrige and V. Lefevre: 277-80. Paris. by Mohammed Rafique Mughal, J. Schuldenrein, Rita Wright, and M. Afzal Khan. 2004 Landscapes, soils, and mound histories of the Upper Indus Valley, Pakistan: New insights on the Holocene environments near ancient Harappa. Journal of Archaeological Science. 31: 777–97. by Mohammed Rafique Mughal, J. Schuldenrein, Rita Wright, and M. Afzal Khan. 2003 Evidence of rice and ragi at Harappa in the context of South Asian prehistory. In Introduction of African Crops into South Asia, V. N. Misra, and M. D. Kajale: 73–8. Indian Society for Prehistoric and Quaternary Studies, Pune. 2001 Resurrecting Sir Aurel Stein from the Cholistan Desert, Context. 15(2): 1–4. 1997 A preliminary review of archaeological surveys in Punjab and Sindh: 1993–95. South Asian Studies. 13: 275–84. 1997 Recent documentation of ancient sites and monuments in the Punjab Province. Punjab Journal of Archaeology and History. 1(1). by Muhammad Afzal Khan and Muhammad Hassan. 1996 Archaeological sites and monuments in Punjab: Preliminary results of explorations, 1992–96. Pakistan Archaeology. Special Number 29. by Farooq Iqbal, Muhammad Afzal Khan and Muhammad Hassan. 1996 The Indus Valley: 3000–1500 BC. In History of Humanity: Scientific and Cultural Development, edited by A. H. Dani and J. -P. Mohan. Vol. II: 246-65. UNESCO and Routledge, Paris and London. by B. K. Thapar. 199 Theory and Practice in Garden Conservation. In, Hussain, M., Rehman, A. and Wescoat, J.L. (eds), The Mughal Garden: Interpretation, Conservation and Implications. Islamabad – Lahore – Karachi: Ferozsons (pvt.) Ltd. :111- 113. 1994 The Harappan Nomads of Cholistan. In, Allchin B. (ed.), Living Traditions: Studies in the Ethnoarchaeology of South Asia: 53–68. Oxford & 1BH Publishing, New Delhi Tamgha-i-Imtiaz (Medal of Excellence) Award by the Government of Pakistan in 1992 for making outstanding contributions to the archaeology and culture of Pakistan