Michael Banton

Michael Parker Banton CMG, FRAI (8 September 1926 – 22 May 2018 ) was a British social scientist, known primarily for his publications on racial and ethnic relations. He was also the first editor of Sociology (1966-1969).

Education Banton attended King Edward's School, Birmingham.

Academic contribution After graduating from the London School of Economics in 1950, Banton conducted research on the settlement of New Commonwealth immigrants in the East End of London for which he received a PhD from the University of Edinburgh, from where he also gained a D.Sc. in inter-group relations in 1964. Here he studied under Kenneth Little at the Anthropology department which Banton noted was called "Negroes in Britain Industry". Banton remained at the department and produced three books under Little's supervision: subsequently wrote books about the settlement of rural immigrants in Freetown, Sierra Leone, and on the behaviour of the white British towards New Commonwealth immigrants. His book The Policeman in the Community, a comparative study of policing in Scotland and the United States, was the first book-length sociological study of the police.

Banton became best known for his book Race Relations (1967), which summarised contemporary social science knowledge of that field. This phase of his writing concluded with a volume, The Idea of Race, in which he introduced into the English language the concept of racialization as a process by which the idea of race as a physical category was socially utilized to organise perceptions of the populations of the world. Up to this point his work reflected sociological orthodoxy. For the next forty-plus years his publication energies focused increasingly on this subject as he turned out a succession of studies devoted to defining the study of race relations as a discipline. Banton's particular approach led to a long-running debate with John Rex. Other protagonists include Robert Miles who in 1982 published Racism and Migrant Labour. He was President of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 1987–89, and President of the Sociology section, (1970–71) and the Anthropology section, (1985–86) within the British Association for the Advancement of Science. He was President of the Ethnic, Race and Minority Relations section of the International Sociological Association 1990–94, and Director of the Social Science Research Council Research Unit on Ethnic Relations, 1970–78. He was the first editor of Sociology, 1967–70.

Death Banton died in May 2018 at the age of 91.

Books

The Coloured Quarter (Cape, 1955) West African City (OUP, 1957) White and Coloured (Cape, 1959) The Policeman in the Community (Tavistock, 1964) Roles (Tavistock, 1965) Race Relations (Tavistock, 1967) Racial Minorities (Fontana, 1972) Police-Community Relations (Collins, 1973) The Race Concept co-author Jonathan Harwood (Praeger, 1975)

Racial and Ethnic Competition (CUP, 1983) Promoting Racial Harmony (CUP, 1985) Investigating Robbery (Gower, 1985) Racial Theories (CUP, 1987, second edition 1997) Racial Consciousness (Longman, 1988) Discrimination (Open UP, 1994) International Action against Racial Discrimination (OUP, 1996) Ethnic and Racial Consciousness (Longman, 1997) The International Politics of Race (Polity, 2002).

Selected articles

'Decision-taking in the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination' pp 55–78 in Philip Alston & James Crawford, editors, The Future of UN Human Rights Treaty Monitoring. 2000 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 'Historical and Contemporary Modes of Racialization' pp. 51–68 in Racialization: Studies in Theory and Practice, edited by Karim Murji and John Solomos. 2005 Oxford: Oxford University Press.