Marion Stirling Pugh

Marion Stirling Pugh ( Illig, May 12, 1911 – April 24, 2001) was an American archaeologist. She is known for her archaeological expeditions to Tres Zapotes and other sites in Southern Mexico in the 1940s, conducted alongside her husband Matthew Stirling, which according to National Geographic "essentially rewrote Mesoamerican history". Her discovery of a date in the Long Count calendar, corresponding to 32 BCE, on a stela from Tres Zapotes, helped establish the antiquity of the Olmec civilization for the first time. She also served as the president of the Washington Textile Museum, and the Society of Woman Geographers twice (1960–1963 and 1969–1972).

Early life and education

Marion Illig was born in Middletown, New York on May 12, 1911 and graduated from Rider College in 1930.

Archaeological career

Illig married Stirling on December 11, 1933. Stirling described her as his "co-explorer, co-author and general co-ordinator".

Pugh was a member of the Association of American Geographers and served as the president of the Society of Woman Geographers twice, in 1960–1963 and 1969–1972. She had a long association with the Textile Museum at George Washington Museum, serving as a trustee, secretary, treasurer, vice president and president, and establishing a fund for the acquisition of Latin American textiles.

Personal life and legacy Pugh's first husband Matthew Stirling died in 1975. They had two children, Matthew W. Stirling Jr. (1938–1989) and Ariana Stirling Withers (1942–2015). She was married to John Ramsey Pugh, a retired general involved with the Textile Museum, from 1977 until his death in 1994.

While in her 80s, she travelled to Antarctica.

She died in Tucson, Arizona, on April 24, 2001.

The Stirling archives were donated by their grandchildren to the National Anthropological Archives at the Smithsonian Institution in 2006.

Selected publications

Stirling, Matthew and Marion I. Stirling. "Tarqui, an early site in Manabi Province, Ecuador." Bureau of American Ethnology, Anthropological Paper 63, Bulletin 196 (1963): 1–28. Stirling, Matthew and Marion I. Stirling. "Archaeological notes on Almirante Bay, Bocas del Toro, Panama." Bureau of American Ethnology, Anthropological Paper 72, Bulletin 191 (1964): 255–284. Stirling, Matthew and Marion I. Stirling. "The archeology of Taboga, Uraba and Taboguila Islands, Panama." Bureau of American Ethnology, Anthropological Paper 73, Bulletin 191 (1964): 285–348. Stirling, Matthew and Marion I. Stirling. "El Limon, an early tomb site in Cocle Province, Panama." Bureau of American Ethnology, Anthropological Paper 71, Bulletin 191 (1964): 247–254.