Ma Fuxing

Ma Fuxing (; Ma Fu-hsing in Wade Giles; 1864–1924) was a Hui born in Yunnan, in Qing dynasty China. He was an ex-convict. During Yang Zengxin's reign in Xinjiang, Ma was appointed as a military commander, and then Titai of Kashgar. Known for his brutality, including the execution of his perceived enemies using a hay cutting machine, Ma also developed resource industries in Xinjiang. In 1924, Yang sent forces to remove Ma from power in southwestern Xinjiang and kill him.

Background Ma was a Yunnanese Muslim.

After the fall of the Qing dynasty he started working for Yang Zengxin and recruited Dungan troops for him in 1911, and was posted in 1916 to Kashgar. In 1924 Yang intercepted some correspondence between Ma and the Zhili clique and became suspicious.

Reign Ma Fuxing after being shot. His reign was notorious for its repressiveness and his excesses. He kept a harem of Uighur wives, and a hay cutting machine for severing the limbs of his victims. The limbs were put on display, along with notices on why they were severed, on the city walls.

Ma developed resource industries in the region including oil wells, an oil refinery, and coals and copper mines. He established government monopolies over industries such as petroleum, and made people purchase paraffin wax.

Ma demanded that people call him padishah (meaning 'King').

Downfall

Yang Zengxin decided that Ma's excesses were too great, and sent Ma Shaowu, another Hui military commander, to attack and replace him. Ma Shaowu then was appointed Daotai of Kashgar.