Ludwik Michał Pac

Count Ludwik Michał Pac (; ; 5 March was a France-born commander in the Grande Armée, the Army of the Duchy of Warsaw and the Uprising of 1831. Depending on the source, he is called Lithuanian or Polish. He was one of the last representatives of the noble Pac family. Already as a teenager, he already appeared on the lists of the infantry regiments of the Grand Ducal Lithuanian Army.

Józef Pac, who was Ludwik Pac's relative, died on 5 March 1796. So, Ludwik Pac inherited several estates, including that of Dowspuda, which was part of Užnemunė, the lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania that were annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1795 during the Third Partition of Polish–Lithuania. He inherited also palaces in Vilnius and Grodno. From 1802 onwards, Ludwik Michał Pac began travelling throughout Europe. While in Paris, he frequented Anna Sapieha's salon and, in 1803, he left for London with her brother, Stanisław Zamoyski. Together, they visited England, Scotland and Ireland.

Napoleonic Wars

War of the Fourth Coalition (1806–1807) In 1806, Ludwik Michał Pac served as a volunteer, equipped at his own expense, in a Polish light cavalry squadron that was part of Napoleon's Imperial Guard. His estates, like the rest of Užnemunė, were occupied by the French after the Battle of Friedland during the War of the Fourth Coalition (1806–1807). Just before the negotiations for the Treaties of Tilsit began, a Lithuanian delegation, made up of Count Ludwik Pac, Count Józef Sierakowski and Count , proposed to Napoleon that they would organize a Lithuanian revolt against the Russian Empire, on condition that France would help the insurgents, which Napoleon refused. The envoys left very depressed. In July 1807, the Treaties of Tilsit created the Duchy of Warsaw from the Lithuanian Užnemunė and the Polish lands taken from Prussia. Although many Lithuanians were disappointed by the only partial liberation of their country, thousands of them joined the ranks of the Army of the Duchy of Warsaw.

Napoleon's invasion of Spain (1808) Pac was involved in Napoleon's invasion of Spain in 1808.

Legacy Pac's name figures in a plaque of the Strasbourg officers' mess called , with 1780 marked as his year of birth.

Honours and awards Commander's Cross of the Virtuti Militari Order of St. Stanislaus, with great ribbon Commander of the Legion of Honour Military Cross (Bavaria)