Khó͘ Chio̍h

Hsu Shih (; September 23, 1919 – August 2, 1980) was a post-World War II Taiwanese composer who created many Taiwanese ballads, including "," "The Sound of the Gongs ," and "" as his masterpieces. In 1946, Hsu Shih returned to Taiwan from Japan and gradually collected and organized Taiwanese folk songs scattered in various places and promoted local music. He used orchestral music to raise the status of Taiwanese folk songs and organized choral tours with Taiwanese characteristics, pioneering the trend of popular music.

Life and career Hsu was born on September 23, 1919, and was the youngest of eleven children in his family. He attended Taiwanese opera performances and parades organized by temples as a child, and worked odd jobs with his siblings until saving enough money to pursue secondary and musical education in Japan. while was a senior from the same school. During his studies, he delivered milk and newspapers and went to Hokkaido to work during the summer and winter while receiving music training from the Japanese Academy of Music. To match the pace of his Japanese classmates, Hsu Shih would embark on early morning jogs to enhance his physical stamina and refine his vocal abilities. When it came to piano practice, he would dedicate himself to the instrument until his fingers grew stiff. However, due to financial constraints, he would resort to practicing on paper, as he had to save up approximately one month's salary to afford a mere hour of playing time. After completing his studies, Hsu Shih worked as an exclusive singer for the Tokyo Red Windmill Theater and the Tobin Troupe in Japan until 1946, when he returned to Taiwan from Japan because his mother was critically ill.

In 1946, Hsu Shih released "Southern Nocturne" on his first tour around Taiwan, which became famous throughout Taiwan. to enrich the repertoire of Taiwanese folk songs. In addition, to actively promote and share Taiwanese vernacular folk music, Hsu Shih has also held more than ten Taiwanese vernacular music concerts.

In 1952, Hsu Shih founded China Records , which was later rebranded as Queen Records , Da Wang Records , and Tai Wang Records . These record companies were established to promote Taiwanese folk songs and ballads.

On August 2, 1980, he died of heart disease at 60 at Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taoyuan County. Hsu Shih rearranged most of the collected folk songs, invited suitable singers to perform them, and made them into records. The range of folk songs collected includes Taiwanese folk music from the Japanese era, Yilan folk music, peasant folk music, northern folk music, Duma folk music, Che drum folk music, Hengchun folk music, Hakka folk music, mountain folk music, Fangliao folk music, and Yue Dan folk music.

Chen Chih-Wei, adjunct assistant professor at the Institute of Musicology, National Taiwan University, said: "After he returned to Taiwan, Hsu Shih began to visit the whole island to record the songs of the various ethnic groups in the land, including the fúlǎo, Hakka, and aborigines. This was nearly twenty years before the folk song-collecting campaign initiated by Hsu Tsang-Houei and Shih Wei-Liang. In 1964, when Hsu Tsang-Houei and Shih Wei-Liang were about to start their research on folk music in Taiwan, Shih held a concert at the Taipei International House on October 10 of the same year and released his work Taiwan Folk Symphony , which was the culmination of his years of work in folk music. The whole piece is a combination of Chinese and foreign instruments, and he also used the unique Taiwanese Daguangxian and long-necked Yueqin.”

Professor Lu Hsing-chang , of the Department of Taiwanese Literature at National Cheng Kung University said: "Hsu Shih has made great contributions to Taiwanese music, and at that time it was popular to cover Japanese or foreign songs directly, or else to create Mandarin songs, but both Hsu Shih and his in-laws, musician , always insisted on local creation in Taiwan." "Hsu Shih was the most typical and earliest composer to trace his roots," Lu pointed out. "He not only recorded and collected scores but also invited theater artist Lui Chu-shang and literary scholar Hsu Ping-ting to write lyrics and make recordings to revive Taiwanese folk songs!” Today, the songs such as "Grass Borer and Chicken ," "Thought Up," "Cow Plough Song" and "Divination Tune" are all based on the versions that Hsu Shih released in the Da Wang Records era. In addition, Hsu Shih also compiled the local folk songs he collected into the Taiwan Folk Symphony, the original score of which was found among Hsu Shih's belongings. Still, it has yet to be restored due to severe damage.

"Anping Memories" was composed by Hsu Shih and written by Chen Ta-ju in 1950, establishing their status in the Taiwanese songwriting industry.

The original title of "Southern Nocturne," a song about love between a man and a woman, was originally titled "New Taiwan Construction Song ," with lyrics written by Xue Guanghua , although it was customary at the time for lyrics to be written after discussion between the composer and the lyricist. In the songs, the lines "Seeing the rice pearls and cinnamon nowadays / Life is hard to find " imply the musician's mild criticism of the rising prices of goods after the Kuomintang's retreat to Taiwan. Liu Fu-chu, who learned to sing with Hsu Shih when he was 10 years old, thought of his mentor's death 35 years ago and lamented, "It should have been held a long time ago.”

In August 2015, the Liberty Times reported that the Chinese Wikipedia article about Hsu Shih was at risk of deletion. Hsu's son Charles had written a biography of his father, and the younger Hsu's contributions to the Chinese Wikipedia article resulted in the article receiving a "promotional" tag.