Julius I Kán

Julius (I) from the kindred Kán (; died 1237) was a powerful Hungarian baron and landowner, who held several secular positions during the reign of kings Emeric, Ladislaus III and Andrew II. He was the ancestor of the gens Kán which originated from Baranya County.

Family Julius I (often called as "the Elder" or "the Great" by contemporary documents in order to distinguish him from his namesake son) was the first known member of the gens (clan) Kán, which originated from Baranya County, but later acquired large-scale domains in Transylvania too. The later members of the clan were usually styled themselves as "Progenies Magni Jule Bani" ("descendants of Ban Julius the Great"). He married the unknown surname Helena (died before 1250). They had two sons, by name Ladislaus I, who served as palatine (1242–1244/5), and Julius II, master of the cupbearers (1222–1228). Besides voivodeship he also functioned as ispán (comes) of Fehér County. He held the office of judge royal between 1202 and 1204, besides that he was the ispán of Csanád (1202–1203) and Nyitra Counties (1204).

After the death of Ladislaus III, he became an ardent admirer of Andrew II. He served as ispán of Sopron County in 1205. After that he was appointed ispán of Bodrog County in 1206, a position which he held until 1212. Between 1212 and 1213, he again became judge royal, besides that he received the manor of Bács County as ispán. One year later, he became voivode of Transylvania for the second term, besides that he functioned as ispán of Szolnok County. Julius was the first office-holder who used the shortened "palatinus" form instead of "comes palatinus". The first surviving palatinal charter in its entirety was also issued by Julius in 1216, when instructed the cathedral chapter of Várad, a place of authentication (today Oradea, Romania) to record in writing one of his previous judgments in a litigation case. During Andrew II's Fifth Crusade (1217–1218), Julius and royal governor John, Archbishop of Esztergom could not prevent the emergence of anarchic conditions, as a result he lost his political influence for a short time. In 1221, he became a member of the queen's court, as the master of the treasury and judge royal for Queen Yolanda de Courtenay. As palatine, the Pechenegs of Árpás were under his authority according to his charter in 1224, when he defined and regulated their rights and privileges. For the third time, he functioned as ban of Slavonia between 1229 and 1235. Meanwhile, he held the position of judge royal for the queen, secondly, in 1232.

After the death of Andrew II in September 1235, Julius had been disgraced and was imprisoned by the new king, Béla IV of Hungary, who also confiscated all of his property. He died in captivity in 1237. Pope Gregory IX was already informed of his death by 22 January 1238, when instructed that the amount of money left by the "late" Ban Julius in favor of the Bosnian church and deposited with the Dominicans of Pécs be handed over to the newly appointed Bosnian bishop Ponsa. Julius I founded the Nekcseszentmárton (Martin, Croatia) estate of the Knights Templar.

It is neither reassuring that Julius' career began with too high positions, without the introductory section of smaller offices. Historian Mór Wertner identified all occurring Julius with the person from the kindred Kán during the first decades of the 13th century, unless he had no reason to act differently. In contrast, János Karácsonyi gave an overview about Julius I Kán's career from the year of 1219, when he was already easily distinguishable from Julius I Rátót, judge royal (1219–1221; 1235–1239) and voivode of Transylvania (1229–1231).