José Hipólito Raposo

José Hipólito Vaz Raposo (13 February 1885 – 26 August 1953) was a Portuguese politician, writer, lawyer and historian born in São Vicente da Beira.

Integralism He was educated at the University of Coimbra before taking up practice as a lawyer. He was part of a conservative monarchist group active within the intelligentsia when, in 1911, he took a trip to Paris with his friend Alberto Monsaraz and whilst there, they established contact with Action Française with whom they shared many aims. He joined with Monsaraz, António Sardinha, João do Amaral and José Adriano Pequito Rebelo in relaunching the monarchist journal A Nação Portuguesa in 1913. Raposo became known as one of the main ideologues of the new group and as a theorist he had a deep influence on Plínio Salgado who frequently referenced his works.

Fascism In the early 1920s Raposo also became close to a minor group known as Cruzada Non'Alvares, which was the first group in Portugal to openly endorse Benito Mussolini and Italian fascism. Having initially been ambivalent in his attitudes towards Salazar, Raposo decided in 1940 that the dictator was ruining Portugal and published a book, Amar e Servir, in which he savaged the Estado Novo founder. As a writer he also published poetry, theatre criticism, fiction and essays on the academic traditions of the University of Coimbra.