José da Costa Carvalho

Early life and political career Born in Bahia, Carvalho was the son of José da Costa Carvalho and Inês Maria da Piedade Costa. He studied at the University of Coimbra, becoming a Bachelor of Laws (Law) in 1819. José da Costa Carvalho received the second highest number of votes. In 1833 he left Rio de Janeiro and withdrew to his estates in São Paulo. Although this was officially a leave of absence on the grounds of ill health, in fact he never returned to his post. It had a standard size of four pages. The first two pages were occupied by news from the province and the city of São Paulo, while the rest was filled with international news, reproductions of articles and notes from the Court, and commentaries. In its Varieties section the newspaper offered moral reflections on democracy, freedom, and the rights of the people.

Titles and honours He was also president of the Statistical Society of Brazil and the Central Association of Colonization of Rio de Janeiro. He was a member of the Brazilian Historic and Geographic Institute and an honorary member of the Society for the Support of National Industry and of the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts. He was honoured with the title of Baron of Monte Alegre by decree of August 23, 1841, Viscount by decree of September 11, 1843, and finally Marquis, by decree of December 2, 1854.

He died in São Paulo, on September 18, 1860, at the age of 64 and left no heirs. He was buried in the Cemitério da Consolação in São Paulo .