John Prados

John Frederick Prados (January 9, 1951 – November 29, 2022) was an American author, historian, and wargame designer who specialized in the history of World War II, the Vietnam War, and current international relations.

Early life and education Prados was born in Queens, New York on January 9, 1951. His father, Jose Prados-Herrero, moved the family to San Juan, Puerto Rico, where John graduated from high school. His doctoral thesis about the successes and failures of American intelligence assessments of Soviet military power, "The Soviet Estimate: U.S. Intelligence Analysis and Soviet Strategic Forces," became his first book.

Prados wrote over 20 books, and while at university, he expressed his interest in World War II and the Vietnam War by designing wargames. His first, in 1972, a collaboration with Jim Dunnigan titled Year of the Rat: Vietnam, 1972, was a simulation of the Easter Offensive in Vietnam that had happened only weeks before. His second game, Rise and Decline of the Third Reich, earned him critical acclaim, with reviewers calling it "an innovative and challenging game which allows a player to experience the complexity of events in a total war" and "a refreshing change from the sometimes hackneyed design features of many modern wargames." Third Reich won the "Charlie"—the Charles S. Roberts Award—for "Best Professional Game of 1974" and also became the focus of Chilean author Roberto Bolaño's novel El Tercer Reich (The Third Reich). Prados designed another eleven games while at university, and two of them were finalists for a "Charlie"; Von Manstein: Battles for the Ukraine (1975) and Spies! (1981)

Prados continued to design wargames for the rest of his life; the final one, Monty's D-Day, was published the year before his death. Of the more than twenty wargames created after university, ten were nominated for a "Charlie", and three of those were winners: Khe Sahn, 1968 (2002), Fortress Berlin (2004), and Beyond Waterloo (2012). Prados was also awarded a "Robbie" for "Best Game Review or Game Analysis of 2007" for his article "The Evolution of Cards and Wargames" that appeared in Issue 19 of Against the Odds. from cancer He is survived by his partner, his daughters, his brother, Joe, and his sister Mary.

Literary awards Combined Fleet Decoded was named by New York Military Affairs Symposium as the recipient of The Arthur Goodzeit Book Award in 1995. Combined Fleet Decoded was also named a Notable Naval Book of the Year by the United States Naval Institute.

Charles S. Robert Awards List of Charles S. Robert Awards for excellence in historical wargaming:

"Best Professional Game of 1974": Rise and Decline of the Third Reich "Best Post–World War Two or Modern Game of 2002": Khe Sahn, 1968 "Best Magazine Game of 2004": Fortress Berlin "Best Game Review or Game Analysis of 2007": "The Evolution of Cards and Wargames" in Against the Odds #19 "Best Magazine Game of 2012": Beyond Waterloo

Selected works Books

The Soviet Estimate: U.S. Intelligence Analysis and Russian Military Strength. New York: Dial Press (1982). The Sky Would Fall: Operation Vulture: The U.S. Bombing Mission in Indochina, 1954. New York: Dial Press (1983). Presidents' Secret Wars: CIA and Pentagon Covert Operations from World War II Through the Persian Gulf. New York: William Morrow (1986). . . Pentagon Games: Wargames and the American Military. New York: Harper & Row (1997). Keepers of the Keys: A History of the National Security Council from Truman to Bush. New York: Morrow (1991). . . Valley of Decision: The Siege of Khe Sanh, with Ray W. Stubbe. Boston: Houghton Mifflin (1991). . . Combined Fleet Decoded: The Secret History of American Intelligence and the Japanese Navy in World War II. New York: Random House (1995). . . The Blood Road: The Ho Chi Minh Trail and the Vietnam War. New York: Wiley (1999). . . The White House Tapes: Eavesdropping on the President (as Editor). New York: The New Press with W. W. Norton. . . Lost Crusader: The Secret Wars of CIA Director William Colby. New York: Oxford University Press (2003). . . Inside the Pentagon Papers, with Margaret Pratt. Lawrence, Kan.: University Press of Kansas (2004). . . Hoodwinked: The Documents That Reveal How Bush Sold Us a War. New York: The New Press (2004). . . Safe for Democracy: The Secret Wars of the CIA. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee (2006). . . Vietnam: The History of an Unwinnable War, 1945–1975. University Press of Kansas. . . Normandy Crucible: The Decisive Battle That Shaped World War II in Europe. New York: NAL Caliber (2011). . . In Country: Remembering the Vietnam War. Lanham, MD: Ivan R. Dee (2011). . .

Storm Over Leyte: The Philippine Invasion and the Destruction of the Japanese Navy. New York: NAL Caliber (2016). . . The Ghosts of Langley: Into the CIA's Heart of Darkness. The New Press (2017). . .

Book reviews Review of Wild Bill and Intrepid, by Thomas F. Troy. American Historical Review (Oct. 1997), p. 1251. Review of No End to War, by Walter Laqueur. Political Science Quarterly (Mar. 2004), p. 184.

Book contributions "The War Scare of 1983". In: The Cold War: A Military History. New York: Random House (2006). pp. 438–39. .

Wargames The following are the board wargames designed by John Prados.

Year of the Rat: Vietnam, 1972 (with Jim Dunnigan, Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI), 1972) Rise and Decline of the Third Reich (Avalon Hill (AH), 1974) Wellington in the Peninsula (with Vincent Cumbo and Albert Nofi, Rand Game Associates (RGA), 1975) Von Manstein: Battles for the Ukraine 1941–1944 (with Vincent Cumbo and Albert Nofi, RGA, 1975) Vicksburg: the War for the West (with Vincent Cumbo and Albert Nofi, RGA, 1975) The Great War 1914–1918 (with Albert Nofi, RGA, 1976) Salerno: Operation Avalanche (with Vincent Cumbo and Albert Nofi, West End Games (WEG), 1977) Pearl Harbor: The War Against Japan, 1941-1945 (Game Designers' Workshop (GDW), 1977) Panzerkrieg: von Manstein & HeeresGruppe Süd (Operational Studies Group (OSG), 1978) The Battle for Cassino: Assaulting the Gustav Line, 1944 (SPI, 1978) Campaigns of Napoleon (WEG, 1980) Spies! (SPI, 1981) Kanev: Parachutes Across the Dnepr, September 23–26, 1943 (World Wide Wargames (3W), 1981) Cold War (Victory Games, 1984) Monty's D-Day (TSR, 1985) Warsaw Rising: Revolt of the Polish Underground, 1944 (TSR, 1986) Pentagon Games (Harper & Row, 1987) The Campaigns of Robert E. Lee (Clash of Arms Games (CoA), 1988) Bodyguard Overlord (Spearhead Games, 1994) Crisis: Sinai 1973 (GMT Games, 1995) The Army of the Heartland: The Army of Tennessee's Campaigns, 1861–1863 (CoA, 1996) Khe Sanh, 1968 (Against the Odds (AtO), 2002) On to Berlin (with C. Rawling, LPS, 2004) Fortress Berlin (AtO, 2004) Toppling the Reich: The Battles for the Westwall (AtO, 2006) Look Away! (with Paul Rohrbaugh, AtO, 2007) Tide of Iron: Designer Series Vol. 1 (Fantasy Flight Games (FFG), 2008) Four Roads to Moscow (with Roger Nord, Ted Raicer, and Michael Rinella, AtO, 2011) Bradley's D-Day (with Lembit Tohver, Ato, 2011) Beyond Waterloo (with Lembit Tohver, Ato, 2012) Beyond Leipzig: Conflict of Nations (Last Stand Games, 2013) The Victory of Arminius: Teutoburg Forest, IX AD (Turning Point Simulations, 2015) Set Europe Ablaze: The Resistance War 1939–1945 (AtO, 2015) The Seeds of Disaster (AtO, 2015) Four Roads to Paris (with Steven Cunliffe, Roger Nord, and Michael Rinella, AtO, 2017) Monty's D-Day (AtO, 2021)