John Kyrle

John Kyrle (22 May 1637 – 7 November 1724), known as "the Man of Ross", was an English philanthropist, remembered for his time in Ross-on-Wye in Herefordshire.

Education and legal background

Born in the parish of Dymock, Gloucestershire, he was the son of Walter Kyrle, a barrister and MP. The family had lived at Ross for many generations. His grandfather, James Kyrle of Walford Court, had been High Sheriff of Herefordshire and whose father, Walter, had spelled the surname Crull which had been a common surname among the Norman aristocracy that had dominated England and a name which gradually disappeared with the Anglo-French aristocracy's anglicisation. James Kyrle's wife, Ann, was the sister of the poet Edmund Waller and her maternal uncle was the statesman John Hampden.

John Kyrle was educated at Balliol College, Oxford, matriculating in 1654. He then entered to study law at the Middle Temple in 1657, but was not called to the bar. The park is still there, alongside the churchyard of St Mary's , with ornate stone gates and mature trees interspersed with benches and a walk.

Kyrle lived a great deal in the open air, working with the labourers on his farm and taking exercise to stay healthy. He died on 7 November 1724, having lived to the age of 87, and was buried in the chancel of Ross Church.

His memory was also preserved by the Kyrle Society, founded in 1876 by Miranda and Octavia Hill, to better the life of working people, by laying out parks, encouraging house decoration, window gardening and flower growing. The Society was one of the first civic amenity bodies and a progenitor of the National Trust.

Commemorated in verse

Ross and John Kyrle were eulogised by Alexander Pope in the third of his Moral Essays "Of the Use of Riches" (1734);

Who taught that heav’n directed Spire to rise? The Man of Ross, each lisping babe replies. Behold the Market-place with poor o'erspread! He feeds yon Alms-house, neat, but void of state, Where Age and Want sit smiling at the gate; Him portion’d maids, apprentic’d orphans blest, The young who labour, and the old who rest. Is any sick? the Man of Ross relieves, Prescribes, attends, the med’cine makes, and gives, Is there a variance? enter but his door, Balk’d are the Courts, and contest is no more. Despairing Quacks with curses fled the place, And vile Attornies, now a useless race.

and by Coleridge in an early poem of 1794. Pope's lines on Kyrle are referred to briefly by Henry Fielding in Joseph Andrews, in a discussion of charity.