Johann Schmid

Johann Schmid (13 January 1911 – 6 November 1941) was an Austrian-born Luftwaffe military aviator during the World War II, a fighter ace listed with 45 enemy aircraft shot down. A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat. All of his aerial victories were claimed over Western Front of World War II.

Born in Gainfarn, Schmid joined the Austrian Air Force in 1933 and subsequently transferred to the Luftwaffe following the Anschluss in 1938. He then served with "Condor Legion" in the latter stages of the Spanish Civil War. Following his return, he was posted "Richthofen" (JG 2—2nd Fighter Wing). Flying with this unit, Schmid claimed his first aerial victory on 14 May 1940 during the Battle of France. Later that year, he served as an instructor and was then posted to "Schlageter" (JG 26—26th Fighter Wing) in July 1940. Following his 24th aerial victory claimed, Schmid was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 21 August 1941 and appointed (squadron leader) of 8. of JG 26. He was killed in action on 6 November 1941 when he was shot down over the English Channel. Posthumously, he was promoted to Major (major).

Career Schmid was born on 13 January 1911 in Gainfarn, in the Baden bei Wien region of Austria. He joined the Austrian Air Force in 1933. After the Anschluss, the annexation of the Federal State of Austria into Nazi Germany, in 1938 he was drafted into the Luftwaffe as an and flew with the "Condor Legion" in the latter stages of the Spanish Civil War. Upon his return, he was transferred to the 1. (1st squadron) of "Richthofen" (JG 2—2nd Fighter Wing), a squadron of I. (1st group).

Battle of France and Britain At the start of the Battle of France, I. of JG 2 supported Army Group A in its advance through the Ardennes towards the Meuse river. On 14 May, the moved to an airfield near Bastogne. That day, Schmid claimed his first aerial victory when he shot down a Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 fighter. On 18 May, Schmid claimed a Westland Lysander army cooperation aircraft shot down near Beauvais. Following the German advance northwest, the moved to an airfield at Beaulieu that day. The next day, he was credited with the destruction of a Hawker Hurricane fighter near Cambrai. On 20 May, I. was relocated to Signy-le-Petit where they were deployed on the northern front of Army Group A. That evening, Schmid shot down a Curtiss P-36 Hawk fighter near Péronne.

On 20 September 1940, Schmid claimed his ninth aerial victory, a Spitfire fighter shot down south of London. He was then transferred and served as an instructor.

With 26 Following his assignment as an instructor, Schmid joined "Schlageter" (JG 26—26th Fighter Wing) on 10 July 1941. There, he was assigned to the (headquarters unit) by Adolf Galland, the (wing commander). JG 26 was named after Albert Leo Schlageter, a martyr cultivated by the Nazi Party. At the time, the was based at Audembert near the English Channel. Schmid claimed his first aerial victory with JG 26 on 22 July. That day, Royal Air Force (RAF) Fighter Command attacked the Saint-Omer airfield with Supermarine Spitfire fighters from No. 308 Polish Fighter Squadron. The following day, the RAF flew an evening "Circus" mission with six Bristol Blenheim bombers to Mazingarbe escorted by Spitfire fighters. The , led by Galland, intercepted the escorting fighters and Schmid claimed a Spitfire shot down.

On 3 August, the RAF flew a series of anti shipping attacks. Defending against these attacks, Schmid claimed a Spitfire destroyed. Sarkar suggested that his opponent may have been RAF pilot Flight Lieutenant Eric Lock from No. 611 Squadron. Lock, flying Spitfire Mk V W3257, was reported by his own side as shot down by anti-aircraft fire on 3 August 1941 near Boulogne, but whose crash site was not ascertained. Sarkar, who cross referenced Lock's disappearance with Luftwaffe combat claims for the same day, discovered that while Lock's Spitfire was the only RAF plane lost that day, Schmid reported having shot down a Spitfire into the sea near Calais. In reality, Lock was lost in the morning of the 3 August. Schmid claimed his victory in the early evening at 18:32.

Schmid claimed three Spitfire fighters shot down on 7 August likely from No. 12 Group's Digby Wing. That day, the RAF flew "Circus" No. 67 targeting Saint-Omer airfield with six Blenheim bombers escorted by twelve fighter squadrons. Before noon on 9 August, Schmid and his wingman Heinz Richter, claimed two Spitfires from the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) No. 452 Squadron. Later that day, Schmid claimed two further Spitfires shot down defending against a "Rodeo" attack by No. 11 Group. The following day, a German freighter came under attack from three Blenheim bombers which took off from RAF Manston at 12:50. The intercepted the RAF bombers and escort fighters north of Gravelines. In the resulting aerial combat, Schmid claimed two Hurricane fighters from No. 242 Squadron and a Spitfire, the Spitfire managed to return. On 12 August, Schmid shot down a Spitfire fighter from either No. 19 or No. 152 Squadron. That day, Bomber Command attacked Cologne, supported by a number of diversionary missions.

On 19 August, the RAF flew "Circus" No. 81, the mission which also dropped a spare set of artificial legs for Wing Commander Douglas Bader at Saint-Omer airfield. The primary target of the operation was Béthune. Defending against this attack, Schmid claimed a Blenheim bomber which was shot down northwest of Dunkirk and belonged to No. 18 Squadron. That evening, the RAF flew "Circus" No. 82 to Hazebrouck and Schmid shot down a Spitfire fighter belonging to No. 222 Squadron from this attack force, taking his total to 24 aerial victory claims. For this, he was decorated with the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 21 August 1941 and promoted to (captain).

Squadron leader and death Along with his promotion, Schmid was appointed (squadron leader) of 8. of JG 26, replacing Hans-Jürgen Westphal who had been injured. 8. was subordinated to III. and at the time commanded by Gerhard Schöpfel and based at Ligescourt. On 4 September, he claimed three Spitfires shot down. In total, he was credited with eleven aerial victories in September, with the exception of a Blenheim bomber shot down on 27 September, all of which were Spitfire fighters.

On 6 November 1941, he led the whole III. into combat against a dozen Spitfires. In this encounter, he claimed a Spitfire shot down. His opponent may have been Sergeant B.M. Geissman of No. 452 Squadron RAAF. Schmid was circling low over the crash site when the wing of his Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-4 ( 7211—factory number) hit the water in a position northwest of Calais. The aircraft immediately disintegrated and sank, taking Schmid with it. Following his death, he was replaced by Karl Borris as commander of 8. . Posthumously, he was promoted to Major (major).

Summary of career Aerial victory claims According to Obermaier, Schmid was credited with 45 victories in 137 missions, all over the Western Front. Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces: Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 40 aerial victory claims, plus five further unconfirmed claims, all of which were claimed on the Western Front.

Chronicle of aerial victories Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location – 1. of 2 "Richthofen" –Battle of France — 10 May – 25 June 1940 1 14 May 1940 10:10 M.S.406 FrésnoisFrésnois north-northeast of Montmédy 5 26 May 1940 17:03 Spitfire southwest of Calais 2 18 May 1940 07:15 Lysander Beauvais 6 30 May 1940 18:05 Potez 63 Ducy 3 19 May 1940 12:57 Hurricane Cambrai 7 5 June 1940 13:10 MB.150 Connantre 4 20 May 1940 18:35 Hawk 75 Péronne – 1. of 2 "Richthofen" –Action at the Channel and over England — 26 June – September 1940 8 28 July 1940 10:35 Blenheim northwest of Le Havre 9 20 September 1940 12:10 Spitfire south of London – of 26 "Schlageter" –Action on the Western Front — 10 July – 20 August 1941 10 22 July 1941 19:00 Spitfire 18 9 August 1941 17:45 Spitfire Gravelines 11 23 July 1941 20:15 Spitfire Bruges 19 10 August 1941 13:00 Hurricane north of Gravelines 12 3 August 1941 18:32 Spitfire 20 10 August 1941 13:01 Hurricane north of Gravelines 13? 7 August 1941 11:20 Spitfire Campagne 21? 10 August 1941 13:03 Spitfire north of Gravelines 14 7 August 1941 11:30 Spitfire southeast of Calaissouthwest of Calais 22? 12 August 1941 13:22 Spitfire northwest of Vlissingen 15 7 August 1941 17:43 Spitfire north of ArdresSaint-Omer-Ardes 23? 19 August 1941 12:25 Blenheim northwest of Dunkirk 16 9 August 1941 11:25 Spitfire east of Saint-Omer 24 19 August 1941 19:55 Spitfire west of Rubrouckeast of Saint-Omer 17 9 August 1941 17:44 Spitfire Gravelines – 8. of 26 "Schlageter" –Action on the Western Front — 21 August – 6 November 1941 25 26 August 1941 19:40 Blenheim 36 27 September 1941 15:35 Spitfire 26 27 August 1941 08:30 Spitfire north of Calais 37 27 September 1941 15:50 Blenheim 27 4 September 1941 17:20 Spitfire 38 1 October 1941 17:37 Spitfire Dover 28 4 September 1941 17:35 Spitfire 39 2 October 1941 18:42 Spitfire Pas-de-Calais 29 4 September 1941 17:50 Spitfire 40 3 October 1941 15:52 Spitfire north of Ostend 30 7 September 1941 17:20 Spitfire ? 13 October 1941 14:35 Spitfire Boulogne 31 18 September 1941 16:00 Spitfire ? 13 October 1941 Spitfire Boulogne 32 20 September 1941 16:45 Spitfire ? 21 October 1941 13:00 Spitfire 33 21 September 1941 16:10 Spitfire 27 October 1941 15:05 Spitfire Calais 34 21 September 1941 16:15 Spitfire ? 6 November 1941 15:48 Spitfire north of Calais 35 27 September 1941 15:23 Spitfire

Awards Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st Class Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 21 August 1941 as and of the 8./ 26 "Schlageter"