James R. Powell

Colonel James Robert Powell (1814–1883) was a founder of the city of Birmingham, Alabama, and the city's first elected mayor (1873–1875). Before that, he held office in the Alabama State Senate (1853–1856) and the Alabama House of Representatives (1845–1846). He also held the office of Sheriff of the County of Coosa, Alabama, from 1842 to 1845. He became well known as "The Duke of Birmingham" because of his "... remarkable activities as a pioneer in the early history of the city."

Early life Powell was born on December 7, 1814, in Brunswick County of the Commonwealth of Virginia to Addison Powell (d. 1840) and Catherine R. Powell (d. 1858). Being successful agriculturalists, his family was quite wealthy up until about 1830. In 1833, he moved to Alabama where he worked as an academy teacher in Lowndes County. Later, in partnership with his father, who had moved to Alabama at the urging of this particular son, he was a successful hotel keeper in the state's capital city, Montgomery. By 1836, he had moved to Wetumpka in Coosa County, where he became involved in a stage line, which he owned and managed himself and which had contracts for mail delivery in and around the entire state and as far north as Virginia. While living in Wetumpka, he was elected as Sheriff of Coosa County in August 1842 and served until August 1845. After that, he was elected to represent the county of Coosa in the Alabama House of Representatives in 1845. After serving one term in the House, he returned to Montgomery and in 1855 won election to the State Senate. On December 14, 1858, after serving two terms in the Senate, he was married to Mary Jane Smythe (1825–1902) of Tennessee. February 19, 1860, saw the birth of their only child, daughter Mary Powell (1860-1930). He did, however, have some involvement with the state militia in 1851 while living in Rockford, Alabama. Reverend George E. Brewer gives the following account of a time in when a military drill of the 68th Regiment (3rd Brigade, 7th Division, Alabama Militia) was held on an empty field owned by Colonel Powell,

Elyton Land Company and the founding of Birmingham

On December 20, 1870, Powell and nine other men from in and around the Montgomery area, including a man named Josiah Morris organized a company called the Elyton Land Company for the purpose of "... buying lands and selling lots ... and affecting the building of a city, at or near the town of Elyton, in the County of Jefferson and State of Alabama." The corporation was funded by the sale of 2,000 shares of capital stock valued at $200,000., distributed as follows. These ten men were to be the founders of the new city to be established.

+ Initial shareholders of the Elyton Land Company !! Shares held !! Ownership interest Josiah Morris Montgomery 437 20.5% James Powell Montgomery 360 16.9% Samuel Tate Memphis 360 16.9% William Mudd Jefferson County 180 8.5% William Nabers Jefferson County 180 8.5% Benjamin P. Worthington Jefferson County 133 6.2% Henry Caldwell Montgomery 120 5.6% James Gilmer Montgomery 120 5.6% Bolling Hall Montgomery 120 5.6% Campbell Wallace Atlanta 120 5.6%

Josiah Morris worked for the South and North Alabama Railroad which was currently under construction between Decatur and Montgomery, and would have to cross the Alabama and Chattanooga Railroad which had already been completed from Chattanooga to about Tuskaloosa. Knowing that the crossing would be in the Jones Valley near Elyton, he had previously agreed to purchase 4,150 acres of land east of Elyton from William Nabers and his wife Elizabeth for $25 per acre in cash and stock in the company to be formed.

On January 27, 1871, when the board of directors of the newly-formed corporation held its first meeting, Powell was unanimously named president of the company, and the shareholders in another meeting that same day declared in its bylaws that "The city to be built by the Elyton Land Company, near Elyton, in the County of Jefferson, State of Alabama shall be called 'Birmingham'." Powell immediately relocated to the site of the new city and set up an office in a house owned by the Alabama and Chattanooga Railroad on the south side of the tracks adjacent to where the historic Union Passenger Depot was built and still stands. As of October 2020, portions of South Powell Avenue still exist at this location and can be seen on area maps.

Upon arriving at the location, engineers began surveying the property and laying out the city streets under Powell's direction, and he negotiated with a supplier from Montgomery to make a large quantity of brick available for the building of houses and other uses. He raised money for and arranged for the building of a hotel, a thirty-room frame structure on Nineteenth Street called the Relay House. On September 25, 1872, the board of directors of the Elyton Land Company ordered Powell to build a water works for the new city, and eight months later the water supply to the town was turned on.