James Gralton

James Gralton (17 April 1886 – 29 December 1945) was an Irish socialist leader who became a United States citizen after emigrating in 1909 and, later, the only Irishman ever deported from independent Ireland.

Biography Early life James Gralton was born on 17 April 1886 in the townland of Effrinagh in Kiltoghert parish, about six miles from Carrick-on-Shannon in County Leitrim. His parents were Micheal Gralton and Alice Campbell. There were four girls and three boys in the family: Winnie, Mary Ann, Alice and Maggie Kate were the girls, and the boys were Jimmy, Charles and a little boy who died young. Gralton was reared on a small farm of about twenty-five acres of bad land, which was surrounded by some good land. The people were too poor to buy fertiliser for the crops so they had to burn some of the topsoil, and this left the land poor and shallow. He received his only formal education at Kiltoghert national school, which he left at the age of 12 to go work as a grocery boy in Carrick-on-Shannon.

Adult life Gralton later went to work in Dublin as a bartender before joining the British army, serving first in the Royal Irish Regiment. However, after being disciplined for refusing to serve with his regiment in India, he deserted and spent some time working in the Liverpool docks and Welsh coalmines.

Gralton emigrated to the United States in 1909, where he was granted US citizenship after briefly joining the US Navy. He later worked around as a taxi-driver and barman. As Gralton became more absorbed in American culture and society he came to feel that Irish society was insular and conservative in comparison and also became unsure about some of the aspects of Irish Nationalism. Instead, 1919 Gralton joined the newly founded Communist Party USA, as well as setting up his own James Connolly clubs. Gralton raised funds for the newly created Irish Republican Army as well as recruiting and training volunteers himself. As he did this, Gralton tried to instil in those recruits some of his social and political views. Around the same time Gralton built on his own land a Pearse–Connolly memorial hall with the aid of local volunteer labour, which was used to provide educational classes for young school-leavers and social events. The circle which gravitated around the hall included Republicans, farmers, and trade unionists, and the hall was also used as a Dáil Court (a judicial system run by Sinn Féin to counter the British court system). There in the Dáil court, local farmers settled land disputes. a predecessor of the Communist Party of Ireland. Gralton reopened his old hall in Effrinagh Local priests became to speak out against him and his hall, denouncing it as a "den of prostitution" and communism. This led to violent protests against these dances, which culminated in a shooting incident. In December 1932, the hall was burnt down. Gralton went on the run while demanding a fair trial and received support from the Dublin based Revolutionary Workers Group. Some Republicans such as Peadar O'Donnell and George Gilmore came to his aid, but others did not. The local IRA unit opposed his deportation but took little active measures to stop it. There has even been speculation it was members of the local IRA themselves who burnt down Gralton's hall, seeing him as too radical even for the IRA.

Shortly before his death from stomach cancer, in New York on 29 December 1945, he married Bessie Cronogue (d. 1975), a woman from Drumsna, near where he had been brought up.

Jimmy's Hall It was announced in April 2014 that Jimmy's Hall, a film by British filmmaker Ken Loach based on the life of Gralton, had been selected for competition at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival. It was released on 30 May 2014. This film was partially filmed in Drumsna, near Gralton's birthplace in Effrinagh.

In 2017, Dublin's Abbey Theatre presented a musical adaptation of the film. It had its world premiere in Carrick-on-Shannon in advance of its run at the Abbey.

Campaign for apology In 2015, a campaign was launched to exonerate Gralton by officially rescinding the deportation order and offering an apology to his family. A motion to support this campaign was passed by Leitrim and Sligo County Councils and the campaign was extended throughout Ireland. An online petition was launched on 23 December 2015 by the then-Mayor of Sligo, Councillor Thomas Healy.

On 3 September 2016 President of Ireland Michael D. Higgins said the only deportation of an Irishman from Ireland was "wrong and indefensible". President Higgins unveiled a memorial to Gralton at Effrinagh, on the site where the hall once stood. The stone edifice, which tells the story of Gralton's life as a labour campaigner, was partially funded by the trade union movement.

Musical tributes Singer-songwriter Tim O'Riordan wrote a song, Gralton, to celebrate Gralton's life. It was recorded on his 2018 album Taibhse. Singer/songwriter Mick Blake wrote a tribute to Gralton entitled "The Lonely Lanes of Leitrim".