Ibn Daqiq al-Eid

Taḳī al-Dīn Abū ’l-Fatḥ Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. Wahb b. Muṭīʿ b. Abi ’l-Ṭāʿa, ; commonly known as Ibn Daqīq al-ʿĪd (; 625-702 AH/ 1228–1302 CE), was a Sunni Egyptian scholar. He is widely accounted as one of Islam's great scholars in the fundamentals of Islamic law and belief, and was the leading authority in the Shafi'i legal school. He was a prominent jurist with several major works of law to his credit. He was also equally proficient in hadith. He was a highly acclaimed muhaddith and a prolific writer on hadith and ilm al-rijal. Although Ibn Daqiq al-'Id mastered Shafi'i jurisprudence under Ibn 'Abd al-Salam, he was also well-versed in Maliki fiqh. He served as chief judge of the Shafi'i school in Egypt. According to Taqi al-Din al-Subki, there was a consensus among Muslims that Ibn Daqiq al-'Id "was a (absolute/autonomous mujtahid) with complete knowledge of legal sciences" as well as the mujaddid in the 7th Islamic century.

Name He inherited the name "Ibn Daqiq al-'Id" from his grandfather, who was said to have enjoyed wearing a bright white turban—one that was as white as the flour used to bake pastries—during the Eid holiday. Subsequently, the name was transferred to his son and then to Imam Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn Wahb, who was frequently referred to as Ibn Daqiq al-‘Id.

Education He attended several halaqahs in the city of Qus after learning the Quran by heart as a young kid, and his father led him into the Maliki school of jurisprudence. Eventually on, nevertheless, his pursuit of knowledge led him to Sheikh Al-Baha 'Al-Qifti, a father's pupil. Alongside Sheikh Mohammad Abu Al-Fadl Al-Mursi, he also studied Arabic. In order to further pursue his education, he later moved to Cairo and studied under Imam Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam, who was known as the "Sultanul Ulama." From the latter, he studied the laws and foundations of Shafi'i jurisprudence, and Imam Izz al-Din 'Ibn 'Abd al-Salam mentored him till the day of his death in AH 660 (1262 AD). In addition to this, he studied hadith extensively under the luminary hadith scholar, al-Mundhiri and mastered the science under him. After that, he travelled to Damascus to further study Hadith from experts there before eventually making his way back to Egypt and relocating to Qus, the city of his youth.

Scholarly life Teaching According to the Maliki school, he was appointed as a judge upon his 37-year-old return to Qus. But his position was only temporary since he didn't feel comfortable with the fame that came with his newfound position. Soon after, he found himself returning to Cairo and teaching Prophetic traditions at Darul Hadith Al-Kamiliyyah, a school established in A.H. 621 (1224 AD) by Sultan Al-Kamil.

Ibn al-Rif'ah Ibn Jamil al-Ruba'i Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati Kamal al-Din al-Adfuwī Al-Mizzi Ibn Sayyid al-Nas Al-Dhahabi al-Nuwayri Taqi al-Din al-Subki

Death He died on Friday, the eleventh of Ṣafar in the year 702 AH, and was buried on Saturday at the foot of the Muqattam Hills, east of Cairo. It was considered a tragic day, and prayers were performed over him. His funeral was attended by the royal members of the Sultanate, and a large gathering of the nation. Ibn Daqiq al-'Id left behind many works in hadith and the sciences of jurisprudence, which the Arabic library continues to cherish to this day.

Works In his lifetime, Ibn Daqiq wrote many books on various religious sciences, and among the most famous of these books are: Al-Ilmam fi Ahadith al-Ahkam, in two volumes, and it is one of the greatest works written in its field. This famous book contains a "collection" of hadiths that are related to commandments. Ibn Taymiyyah used to call this book Kitab al-Islam and used to say: "No book like it has been written." In view of the importance of this book, many scholars of hadith have written commentaries on it. Al-In'am fi Sharh al-Ilmam, it is the first and best commentary of his own work al-Ilmam fi Ahadith al-Ahkam. According to Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, it is over 20 volumes. Tahf al-Labib fi Sharh al-Taqrib, a famous work on Rijal al-Hadith and is considered the best commentary of al-Taqrib by Abu Shuja' al-Isfahani. Sharh Arba'een Nawawi a popular commentary on Forty Hadith by al-Nawawi. His commentary has become so popular that it is virtually impossible for any scholar to write a serious book about the forty hadiths without quoting Ibn-Daqiq.

Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh

Sharh Khulasat al-Zubaydi fi al-Fiqh al-Shafi'i ("Explanation of Al-Zubaydi’s summary of Shafi’i jurisprudence") Sharh Mukhtasar Ibn al-Hajib fi al-Fiqh al-Malkii ("Explanation of Ibn al-Hajib’s summary of Maliki jurisprudence") Sharh Muqadimat al-Matrazi fi 'Usul al-Fiqh ("Explanation of Al-Matrazi’s introduction to the principles of jurisprudence")