Ibn al-Jayyab

Ibn al-Jayyāb al-Gharnāṭī ; Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī b. Muḥammad b. Suleiman b. ‘Alī b. Suleiman b. Ḥassān al-Anṣārī al-Gharnāṭī ; Spanish var., Ibn al-Ŷayyab, (1274–1349 AD/673–749 AH); was an Andalusian writer, poet and minister from the Nasrid court of the Emirate of Granada in what is now Spain.

He was of Arab heritage descending from the Ansar tribe and was born in Granada, where he grew up and became involved with a group of distinguished scholars in that city. He died of the Black Death plague in Granada.

His substantial legacy of poetry and prose was posthumously collated by his many students, among whom was Ibn al-Khaṭīb, who succeeded him as vizier. He wrote his qasidas (poems) in a neo-classical style, and some still decorate the walls of the summer palace of the Nasrid sultans, the Alhambra.

Poetry and the Alhambra The Tower of the Captive. On one of the central niches there are carved excerpts from Ibn-al Jayyab's poetry such as ‘Praise be to God for the favours that one after the other He grants' Ibn al-Jayyab was one of three poets including Ibn al-Khatib, and Ibn Zamrak who had their poems etched onto the walls of the Alhambra, largely built in the 13th and 14th centuries. Ibn al-Jayyab's poems are etched into multiple areas of Alhambra including the Tower of the Captive (also known as the Qalahurra of Yusuf I), the Hall of Ambassadors, and the entrance of the Sala de la Barca. He created between ten and twelve mural poems.

In addition all of the poems in the Qalahurra are his, of which there are four. In these poems Ibn al-Jayyab uses badī poetry techniques as a way to help his contemporary Nasrid readers understand his poetry. Like many of the other poems in the Alhambra Ibn al-Jayyab's works often refer to the architecture on which they are written, in some of these poems he writes from the point of view of the building itself creating the idea that the walls themselves are speaking and not the author of the poem. Below is one of his poems from the Tower of the Captive:

Poem quote This piece of art has come to decorate the Alhambra; which is the home of the peaceful and of the warriors; Calahorra that contains a palace. Say that it is at the same time a fortress and a mansion for joy! It is a palace in which magnificence is shared among its ceiling, its floor and its four walls; on the stuccowork and on the glazed tiles there are wonders, but the carved wooden ceilings are even more extraordinary; these were all united and their union gave birth to the most perfect construction in the place where the highest mansion already stood; they seem poetic images, paronomasias and transpositions, the decorative branches and inlays. Yusuf's visage appears before us as a sign that is where all the perfections have met. It is from the glorious tribe of Jazray, whose works in favour of the religion are like dawn, when its light appears in the horizon.

Nasrid court Ibn al-Jayyab was a vizier of the Nasrid sultan Yusuf I. In addition he was the chief secretary of the sultan as well.

Ibn al-Jayyab's fatal contraction of the Black Death would have a profound effect on Ibn al-Khatib and cause him to study medicine and write a treatise on the plague. Upon his death his protégé would succeed him as the Vizier of both civil and military affairs for the Nasrid Sultanate. Ibn al-Khatib's writings show great fondness and admiration for his mentor, and would likely go on to influence his relationship with his own pupil Ibn al-Zamrak. His works would eventually go on to adorn the walls of the Alhambra alongside his mentor's.