Ian Mathieson

Ian James Mathieson (23 May 1927 – 24 June 2010) was a Scottish Egyptologist and Land Surveyor. He pioneered various methods of surveying and mapping of large archaeological sites avoiding the expense or intrusion of excavation.

Early life Ian Mathieson was born in Edinburgh, He devised non-intrusive excavation methods using his experience in geology and civil engineering. However, it was while working in Egypt that he developed a passion for the ancient history of that land.

So the Saqqara Geophysical Survey Project was born, and ran until 2009. The project championed the use of non-destructive and cost-effective geophysical survey techniques in Egypt. Over the years, the project employed a number of methods, but the two used most often were magnetometry and ground-penetrating radar.

Magnetometry exploits the fact that buried structures can cause local variations in the Earth's magnetic field. By using sensitive magnetometers, systematic measurements over a grid enable these variations to be plotted and subsurface features to be seen. Every season an area of the Saqqara plateau was selected to be the target of the survey. Eventually a large proportion of the North Saqqara necropolis was surveyed, revealing the location of many long-lost tombs and temples beneath the desert sand. Radar, on the other hand, involves the transmission of a short pulse of radio energy into the ground with returning echoes being listened for. The radar is then moved and the process repeated.

Gisr el-Mudir

One of the original aims of the project was to use radar to map the Gisr el-Mudir, an enormous stone structure to the south-west of the Step Pyramid enclosure, which had long fascinated Mathieson. He inferred from the apparently poor construction technique, and from pottery recovered from targeted excavations, that the Gisr predated the adjacent Step Pyramid and that it, rather than the pyramid, was probably the world’s oldest free standing stone structure.

Personal life

Mathieson’s other interests included amateur dramatics, through which he met his wife, Padi, whom he married in 1958. He was actively involved in the Edinburgh University Dramatic Society and later with the Edinburgh Graduate Theatre Group. He served on the board of directors of the Edinburgh Festival Fringe Society in the 1970s. He also enjoyed fly-fishing on the rivers and lochs of the Scottish Borders and Highlands. Records of his findings have been carefully preserved for reference by future archaeologists.

His other great achievements were the methods he devised to survey and map large sites to discover what lay beneath the ground. In 2010 the Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors awarded him The Richard Carter Prize for his outstanding contributions in geospatial engineering.

He was highly regarded in Egypt and his name is included in a list of illustrious archaeologists in the Imhotep Museum at Saqqara.

Publications