Horst Strempel

Horst Strempel (16 May 1904 in Beuthen – 4 May 1975 in Berlin) was a German painter and graphic artist.

Life Strempel's initial training from 1918, after leaving school, was as a house painter. However, from 1923 till 1927 he attended the Regional Academy for Arts and Culture at Breslau (at the time in Germany) where he studied under Oskar Moll and Otto Mueller. In 1927 he moved to Berlin in order to progress his studies with Karl Hofer. It was during this time that he joined the Communist Party, also becoming involved with the closely associated Association of Revolutionary Visual Artists (ARBKD / Assoziation revolutionärer bildender Künstler Deutschlands).

In 1931 or 1932 Strempel's controversial Painting "Blessed are the Poor in Spirit" ("Selig sind die geistig Armen") was removed by exhibition organisers from the annual Berlin Arts exhibition. Then the NSDAP (German Nazi Party) took power, in January 1933, and lost little time in implementing their one-party state strategy. As far as the German Communist Party was concerned this involved expropriating the party assets on 26 May 1933 and embarking on a systematic campaign of arresting or (less frequently) murdering Communist Party members. Strempel was not arrested, but in the middle of 1933 he decided to join the thousands of German communist party members who emigrated to Paris, where he had already lived for two years in 1929-1931 while studying at the École des Beaux-Arts.

Between 1933 and 1939 Strempel lived in Paris, earning a living producing caricatures that were published in the newspapers. At the same time he was working as a decorative artists, on advertisements and as a theatre artist. After the German army took over in Paris in June 1940 Stempel found himself deported to the southern part of France which was still unoccupied, but where the government was in most respects closely aligned with the German forces occupying the north of the country. In the south of France Horst Strempel was accommodated in a succession of internment camps till 1941 when he agreed to an offer that he be deported back to Germany. Although he had received assurances of impunity, on his return he found himself in a Punishment unit. He was also producing illustrations for the satirical fortnightly magazine Ulenspiegel.

By 1946 it was becoming increasingly apparent that political division between the Soviet occupation zone and those parts of Germany occupied by the western allies was to be permanent, as a plan unfolded for the creation of a separate stand-alone state, the German Democratic Republic. The East German state was only founded formally in 1949, but the basis for a return to the single party rule was created in April 1946 with the establishment under the Soviet Military Administration of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED / Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands). Paradoxically this meant an end for the old Communist Party (KDP) in this part of Germany, because in the Soviet zone the creation of the new party resulted from a forced merger - theoretically at this point a merger of equals - between the KPD and the SPD (parties). Horst Strempel, his Communist Party membership no longer illegal in Germany, was among the 1.75 million people who by the end of 1946 had transferred to the new SED (party). In the face of this and other attacks, and in a presumably conscious echo of his flight from Berlin to Paris in 1933, Horst Strempel now felt he had no option but to escape from the German Democratic Republic, and in 1953 he relocated with his family to West Berlin, by now firmly separated politically and beginning to become more segregated physically from the eastern part of the city than hitherto.

In West Berlin Horst Strempel did not enjoy the level of recognition that he had acquired in East Berlin since 1945. After arriving in 1953 it took him till 1971 to obtain formal recognition as a political refugee, thanks in part to the impact on officialdom of the acute political tensions between the two halves of the divided city. In his final decades he left only shallow footprints on the historical record. While he was trying to establish his civic status there was little energy left over for continuing his career as an artist, but he was able to secure his physical survival with jobs that included designing carpets and fabrics. He also gave drawing tuition at community colleges.