Hildegard Binder Johnson

Hildegard Binder Johnson (August 20, 1908 – January 18, 1993) was a German-American geographer known for her research into the German diaspora and for her work in historical geography on the midwestern United States. She founded the geography department at Macalester College and was heavily involved in geographical research in the state of Minnesota. Serving on multiple state government committees and positions in various academic societies, she was given a number of awards for her geography research, teaching activities, and environmentalism.

Early life and education Hildegard Binder Johnson was born in Berlin on August 20, 1908. She was the only child of a middle-class government official. She attended Chamisso Realgymnasium, a small selective private school for young women. Her completed majors included Geography and History, with dual minors in English and Philosophy. The thesis she defended was on the subject of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein and what constituted its geographical boundary, along with letters from Queen Victoria and King Wilhelm that had never been studied previously.

Career In what would have a longstanding impact on the rest of her life, Johnson published a study in 1930 while still working on her doctorate that discussed the history of European colonies in Africa and concluded that they were not appropriate for permanent settlement colonies. The publication would prove negative to her career due to the highly inflammatory and threatening response from the Nazi Party to her work, who condemned and banned her study from further publication and forced existing copies to be destroyed. Afterwards, she began teaching at Macalester College in 1947 at the beginning of the G.I. Bill boom at the request of the university president Charles Turck and stayed at her position there until she retired in 1975.

While at the university, Johnson began teaching geography classes in two unrelated departments, but was able to expand the curriculum over time and involve other professors in teaching geography courses as well. Her efforts resulted in the founding of the geography department and the appointment of other faculty as a part of it. A National Science Foundation grant in the 1960s allowed her to make the Department of Geography an official professional department at the university, along with the creation of a cartography lab. She additionally acted as a visiting professor to a number of other universities and their geography departments, including those in Europe and Africa. Another speaking role she involved herself in was with non-profit and professional organizations that she spoke to about the importance of geographical knowledge and environmental ethics and conservation around the world. She also paid special attention to the rectangular survey system and its impact on geographical map development, from the time period of 1688 to just before 1900. Her focus on German nationals and other Europeans who settled in the state of Minnesota was noted by Elisabeth S. Clemens as producing one of the earliest works of historical sociology that focused on the actual history of the people involved.

From the 1960s onward, she returned to her original topic of German colonial development in Africa and focused instead on how Christian missionaries impacted the landscape of the continent and the geographical partitioning of land. A significant amount of Johnson's research attention involved maps and how they shaped cultural understanding and history by how geographical regions were represented over time and their interactions with geopolitics.

In total, Johnson was involved in the publication of three books, five monographs, fifteen chapters in varying books, and 56 total academic studies. Finally, the "Award for Outstanding Achievement in German American Studies" was given to Johnson in 1992 from the Society for German-American Studies.

Published papers