Hermann Klaatsch

Klaatsch taught anatomy and anthropology at Breslau (University of Wrocław).

Hermann Klaatsch (10 March 1863 – 5 January 1916) was a German physician, anatomist, physical anthropologist, evolutionist, and professor at the University of Heidelberg from 1890, and at the University of Breslau (Wrocław) until 1916.

Klaatsch studied evolutionary theory, being mentioned in some fingerprint books for his early studies on friction skin development. He researched the volar pads associated with the epidermal patterns, grouping the volar pads of humans and primates together. Subsequent to Arthur Kollmann, Klaatsch also gave names to the various volar pads in 1888.

Klaatsch made many discoveries and advocated separating anthropology from religion. Later he spent time on Melville Island.

Klaatsch has a notorious connection with North Queensland for having returned to the Upper Russell River at the end of 1904 where he acquired the mummified body of the 'King of Bellenden Ker', which he sent to Berlin. Herman Klaatsch was renowned for digging up indigenous Aboriginal graves for his own collection. Historical evidence shows indigenous peoples opposed the removal of human remains and that there would be dire consequences for doing so. He dug up a grave at night time and reported that his assistant had later been killed because of it, and was also chased away from the Normanton area by people calling him ‘devil devil’ because of his grave robbing activities.

Return to Breslau

When he returned from his journey, Klaatsch began teaching anatomy and anthropology at the University of Breslau. In 1912 he developed a course in topographic anatomy. During his time at Breslau, Oetteking described Klaatsch's other accomplishments: "Besides his professorship at the University, Klaatsch held several honorary offices, academic and governmental, and his government honored him by bestowing upon him several orders."

Klaatsch frequently attended congresses of anthropologists and anatomists, speaking at nearly every meeting, such as at Cologne in 1910, or Heilbronn in 1911 "Klaatsch was one of the first to advocate energetically a clear division of religion and science." Oetteking added, "It may be difficult for us… to realize that a conception of anthropology raising it to the level of an academic science dates back not even a generation (in 1916), and is due to spirits of Klaatsch's type."

Klaatsch changed the way anthropology was taught. His life revolved around anatomy and anthropology. He made many important discoveries and changed the way people looked at anthropology.

A long-term professor of anatomy and physical anthropology, Hermann Klaatsch died unexpectedly in Eisenach in 1916. His major work was assembled posthumously by his colleagues.