Herbert Bedford

Herbert Bedford (23 January 1867 – 13 March 1945) was a composer, author, miniature painter and inventor. He was married to the soprano and composer Liza Lehmann from 1894 until her death in 1918. His grandsons were the conductor Steuart Bedford and the composer David Bedford.

Composer Herbert Bedford attended the City of London School and trained at the Guildhall School of Music. He composed the one-act opera Kit Marlowe (1897), as well as orchestral, choral and chamber music, including a distinctive body of work for solo voice and chamber ensemble. Bedford was also one of the first “serious” composers (another was Gustav Holst) to write original works for military band. Bedford was concerned with “freeing song from the tyranny of the accompaniment”, and in his 1923 Essay on Modern Unaccompanied Song he listed 41 songs, by Frederic Austin, Eugene Bonnar, Harry Farjeon, Francesca Hall, Jane Joseph, Liza Lehmann, George Oldroyd, Cyril Scott, John Tobin, Felix White, Gerrard Williams and himself. these were laid out with each phrase on its own single line (regardless of length), to make the musical form clearer. Some, including Yeats settings by Bedford, were performed during the Goossens Chamber Concert series at the Aeolian Hall in 1923 by contralto Esther Coleman. Bedford's interest in unaccompanied song was less akin to German expressionist Sprechstimme techniques (as some have suggested This was connected to the controversial founding of the Permanent Council for the International Co-operation of Composers under Richard Strauss, of which Bedford acted as co-Secretary. This organisation was accused at the time of furthering Nazi Party cultural ambitions, set up in opposition to the non-political International Society for Contemporary Music. Bedford defended its neutrality.

Artist, author and inventor

Bedford became known as an artist before he was successful as a composer, exhibiting his works in London, Paris and New York. He mainly produced miniatures and small portraits, such as those collected in his book The Heroines of George Meredith (1914) and the coloured frontispiece and illustrations for his wife Liza Lehmann's posthumous memoirs, published in 1919. He also frequently illustrated the distinctive covers of his wife's songs.

As an author Bedford published Robert Schumann, His Life and Works in 1925. Marrying text and images, the Chart of the Arts came out in 1938 in the form of a folding linen-backed chart, illustrating music, painting, poetry, sculpture and architecture from the 5th Century BC to 1900. Copies are now hard to get hold of.

During the First World War, Herbert Bedford held a commission with the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, where he was concerned with London's anti-aircraft defences. While there he invented an anti aircraft ranging device which the War Office adopted for the instruction of all AA gunnery officers. The younger, Leslie Herbert Bedford (1900–1989) carried on his father's tradition of inventing and played a key role in the development of radar. He married the soprano (and close friend of Benjamin Britten) Lesley Duff. Their three sons were the conductor Steuart Bedford, the composer David Bedford and the singer Peter Lehmann Bedford (1931-2001).

Herbert Bedford is buried with Liza Lehmann on the eastern side of Highgate Cemetery (grave 40196, grid square 106). The grave of their son Rudolph, marked by a Commonwealth War Graves Commission headstone, is also there.

List of works