Henry Mosley

Wiley Henry Mosley is an epidemiologist and international public health professional. He is Emeritus Professor in the Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Mosley has published over 140 scientific papers on infectious and parasitic diseases, demographic and population studies, reproductive health, child survival, and population and health policy in developing countries. His field trials on cholera vaccines in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) in the 1960s, including serological surveys of cholera antibodies, provided a basic understanding of cholera immunology and led to the removal of the WHO International Quarantine Regulation requiring 6-monthly cholera injections for all international travelers.

In the 1990s he joined with Dean Jamison at the World Bank to produce the first edition of Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. He initiated the Matlab Demographic Surveillance System in rural Bangladesh in 1966 and led the establishment of the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh in 1979. He earned his bachelor's degree in chemistry from Rhodes College in 1955 and his M.D. degree in medicine from University of Oklahoma College of Medicine in 1959.

Career Mosley rejoined the USPHS in 1964 and in 1965 was assigned as Head of Epidemiology Division at the Pakistan SEATO Cholera Research Laboratory, Dacca, East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) where he conducted cholera vaccine field trials. During that time, he established the Matlab Demographic Surveillance System (DSS) and initiated a series of population studies.

In 1977, he returned to Bangladesh as Director of the Cholera Research Laboratory and in the following two years, led the transformation of the institution into the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B). Mosley then served for three years as Visiting Professor at University of Nairobi, Kenya with Population Council support before moving to Jakarta, Indonesia, where, from 1982 until 1985, he served as Child Survival Program Officer with the Ford Foundation. From 1998 until 2020, Mosley, with Ben Lozare, developed and taught courses on Strategic Leadership for Health System Transformation at Hopkins and internationally; these have been institutionalized in a number of developing country universities in Asia and Africa. He was appointed as Emeritus Professor by Johns Hopkins in 2009. He also found that effect of a single injection of the cholera vaccine could be demonstrated on population with traceable vibriocidal and agglutinating antibodies two years after the injection. In the 1966-67 vaccine trial of one dose versus two doses of cholera vaccine in children under 14, he again documented a correlation of the vibriocidal antibody response with protection, though both declined within a few months after inoculation. Serological studies in the control population suggested that inapparent cholera infection could have been up to 100 times higher than clinical cases. In the 1968-69 cholera vaccine field trial, three vaccines were tested, whole cell Inabla and Ogawa vaccines, and a purified Inaba antigen. Only Inaba cholera occurred; the study demonstrated protection in the youngest children by the Inaba vaccine but not the Ogawa vaccine, documenting serotype specificity in cholera immunity. Ultimately, Mosley's work, led to the conclusion that the cholera vaccines available at that time were insufficiently effective for use in cholera control programs, given that highly effective oral rehydration was available for treatment.

Population, reproductive health and family planning In 1966, Mosley initiated the longitudinal Demographic Surveillance System (DSS), in the Matlab Thana, Bangladesh vaccine trial population, initially covering 115,000 persons with daily house-to-house monitoring. The Matlab DSS has operated continuously since that time and has been the foundation for over 750 scientific studies. This research provided the basis for promoting lactational amenorrhea (LAM) as one method for postpartum family planning.

Also with Lincoln Chen, Mosley conducted prospective studies of maternal mortality in rural Bangladesh in the 1960s, documenting that around one-third of adult female deaths were maternity related. This research provided the empirical validation of the definition of maternity related deaths recommended by the Committee on Maternal and Child Care of the American Medical Association.

Mosley started the Matlab Family Planning - Health Services Project by Cholera Research Laboratory in the late 1970s that involved household distribution of all available contraceptive methods in rural Bangladesh. With Mukhlisur Rahman, he preceded this Project with a study of the rapid decline in use of contraceptives in an earlier pill and condom distribution program, documenting the relevant factors amenable to program modification. The fact that this was method-oriented strategy instead of a client-oriented strategy was identified as the major factor leading to decline of contraceptive use. To counter this, Mosley, with Shushum Bhatia introduced various program modifications including offering the full range of contraceptive methods delivered by young village women who themselves were contraceptive users. This work was extended by others leading to the operational strategy for the Bangladesh national family planning program beginning in the 1980s.

Child health and survival in developing countries In 1983, Mosley, with Lincoln Chen, convened an interdisciplinary group of scholars at a Bellagio Conference to review child survival research strategies. The purpose was to identify the key determinants of morbidity and mortality and propose a research framework for bringing together biomedical and social scientists.

At this Conference, Mosley and Chen proposed an analytical framework incorporating both social and biological variables for studying the determinants of child survival in developing countries. This analytical framework has subsequently been adopted by many researchers and has been identified as a Public Health Classic by the WHO in 2003. This work provided the basis for World Bank's 1993 World Development Report on Investing in Health.

Advocacy Mosley is a member of Christian Connections for International Health (CCIH) since its inception in 1987. He has been an active advocate for the role of faith-based institutions in supporting family planning. Mosley followed this event in 2014 with an editorial in the Christian Journal of Global Health on Family Planning as a Christian Global Health Agenda”. In 2018, he published a defense of the role of Christians in family planning programs in the CJGH titled "Why Evangelical Christians Are Supporting International Family Planning. A response to 'Should evangelical Christian organizations support international family planning'".

Awards and honors 1970 - Meritorious Service Medal, U. S. Public Health Service 1996 - Advising, Mentoring and Teaching Recognition Award, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 1997 - Golden Apple Award, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 2000 - Ernest L. Stebbins Medal, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 2001 - Distinguished Alumni Award, Rhodes College 2003 - Honorary Professorship, Nanjing College of Population Program Management 2011 - Carl Taylor Lifetime Achievement Award, American Public Health Association 2012 - The Global Achievement Award, Johns Hopkins Alumni Association 2015 - Christian International Health Champion, Christian Connections for International Health