Harvey Swados

Harvey Swados (October 28, 1920 – December 11, 1972) was an American social critic and author of novels, short stories, essays and journalism.

Family and early life Born in Buffalo, New York, Harvey Swados was the son of Aaron Meyer Swados, a physician, and Rebecca (Bluestone) Swados, a musician and artist whose father was a pioneer Zionist. Both parents' backgrounds were European Jewish. Almost uniformly, uncles, aunts and cousins on both sides of his family were degreed professionals—doctors, dentists, lawyers—but Swados aspired from an early age to a writer's life.

Simultaneous with an upper-middle-class upbringing, Swados developed an acute awareness of his social surroundings. During his childhood and early adolescent years in Buffalo during the Great Depression, he often witnessed his father treating unemployed patients without charging a fee. In 1936, at the age of 15, Swados enrolled at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, where he won a Hopwood Award for creative writing.

"His career really began with the publication, in Contemporary, the literary quarterly at the University of Michigan, of a short story, 'The Amateurs.' Written when Swados was just 16, 'The Amateurs' was reprinted in The Best Short Stories of 1938, where it appeared alongside stories by Robert Penn Warren, John Steinbeck, Eudora Welty, John Cheever and Mark Schorer."

Strongly influenced by the political and social convictions of his sister Felice Swados (who had many discussions at the Hunter Colony run by Margaret Lefranc), and while still an undergraduate, Swados also initiated during this period what was to become a lengthy relationship with the anti-Stalinist American Left and, by the late 1930s, had affiliated himself with the Leon Trotsky–inspired and Max Shachtman–led Workers Party (U.S.), whose adherents included novelist James T. Farrell and democratic socialist theorist, literary critic and social historian Irving Howe.

Following his university graduation in 1940, Swados returned to Buffalo, where he worked as a riveter at defense contractor Bell Aircraft, passed through a brief first marriage and, following his sister, moved to New York City, where he took another factory job at the bustling Brewster Aviation plant in Long Island City, just across the East River from Manhattan. A graduate of Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts, Felice had married American historian Richard Hofstadter in 1936 and was working as an editor at Time magazine by 1940. House of Fury, a novel by Felice Swados, was published in 1941.

Though he had already begun distancing himself from the Trotskyist organization by the beginning of the 1940s, Swados remained committed to principles of democratic socialism—exclusive of any party structure—and thought of himself as an independent radical for the rest of his life. "Despite his own drift away from the revolutionary expectations of his youth, much that would remain central to Swados's worldview was formed in these politically charged years of factory employment in the early 1940s." Experiences and friendships with the political group's adherents "he would later describe in Standing Fast, his 1970 novel that sympathetically recorded the exhilaration and despair of his political generation as it moved from the radical hopes of the late 1930s to a kind of acquiescent liberalism in the 1950s and 1960s."

Beginning in the late 1950s, in addition to his literary and journalistic work, Swados began teaching at Sarah Lawrence College in Bronxville, New York, where writer Grace Paley was among his colleagues.

The family's residency in Rockland was punctuated by sojourns to the South of France and the Midwest and West Coast of the United States. Through the generosity of Rockland County friends who owned a modest villa there, Swados and his family resided, from 1955 to 1956, in the medieval Cote D'Azur village of Cagnes-sur-Mer, midway between Cannes and Nice. The semitropical setting became a much-loved second home to Swados—one to which he and his family returned for three one-year periods between the mid-1950s and the late 1960s. Returning to Rockland County from France in 1956, and unwilling to return to his marketing and public relations paychecks, Swados opted for a job at the newly constructed Ford Motor Company assembly plant in Mahwah, New Jersey. His experiences there formed the basis of his 1957 book of related short stories, On the Line.

In his introduction to the University of Illinois Press edition of On the Line, Nelson Lichtenstein wrote, "When Swados showed up at the Mahwah plant in February 1956, the personnel man was glad to see that he had had some blue collar work experience, but he also found his job application strangely full of blank spots. When asked what he had been doing, Swados dodged: 'Writing novels in the South of France.' This little joke seemed to satisfy, so he was promptly assigned to the assembly line as a metal finisher, the same job he had mastered in the early 1940s when working in Buffalo." (Although the Rochdale example was short-lived, its history has been documented by former resident, author and editor Peter Eisenstadt. ) In an article published on April 23, 1967, Swados profiled the maverick and unpredictable CBS News executive Fred Friendly.

In 1967, reporting on the Nigerian Civil War as a member of a delegation of American civilians, he visited the secessionist state of Biafra. There, he met and formed a lasting friendship with the writer Chinua Achebe, who later was to become Swados's colleague at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. That same year, Swados also reported from Jerusalem for The New York Times on the aftermath of the Six-Day War. In 1968, as a private citizen, he visited Czechoslovakia, with Bette and Robin, to familiarize himself with individuals who had participated in the political liberalization of the Prague Spring. Swados feared for his family's safety, though. He was strongly urged by members of the reformist Alexander Dubček government to depart the country, which the family was indeed forced to do, mere hours before the arrival of invading Russian troops.

Final years and summary In 1970, Swados and his wife left Rockland County behind, buying an old Colonial home in the village of Chesterfield, Massachusetts. He had decided to accept an appointment as Professor in the Department of English at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. In what was to be one of the final public acts of his political life, Swados traveled to Washington, D.C., in 1972 and volunteered his writing services to the presidential campaign of George McGovern and his running mate Sargent Shriver. Swados was putting the finishing touches on his final published work, the novel Celebration, when he was stricken by a cerebral aneurysm. His death occurred on December 11, 1972.

In a 1973 memorial tribute, the critic Hilton Kramer lauded his friend's "attention to all those aspects of our history and our feelings that our stylish literature, then in the high tide of its so-called radical phase, had either conveniently forgotten or never knew."

At the University of Massachusetts Amherst opening celebration in 1979, on the occasion of the deposit of the Harvey Swados papers in the university archives, Irving Howe said of his late colleague, "He is a writer free of public postures, indifferent to literary fads and totally devoted to perfection of his craft."

In her preface to the New York Review Books edition of Nights in the Gardens Of Brooklyn, Swados's friend and former Sarah Lawrence College office neighbor Grace Paley wrote: "Harvey was interested in good or almost good women and men more than most writers—and readers. By good people I don't mean saints or angels, but people who, for all their complexity, want to do the right thing. Luckily he was unsentimental. He had too much integrity to allow for the soft lies of sentiment. At some point in the stories in this collection the world is going to pick up his characters and drop them down. Their innocence—and ours—is going to take a beating."

Published works Novels Out Went the Candle (New York: Viking, 1955) False Coin (Boston: Atlantic/Little, Brown, 1959) The Will (Cleveland: World, 1963) Standing Fast (Garden City: Doubleday, 1970) Celebration (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1975) The Unknown Constellations (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1995)

Short story collections On the Line (Boston: Atlantic/Little, Brown, 1957) Nights in the Gardens of Brooklyn (Boston: Atlantic/Little, Brown, 1960) A Story for Teddy and Others (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1965) Nights in the Gardens of Brooklyn: The Collected Stories of Harvey Swados. Introduction by Robin Swados. (New York: Viking Penguin, 1986)

Essays A Radical’s America (Boston: Atlantic/Little, Brown, 1962) A Radical at Large: American Essays (London: Hart-Davis, 1968).

Edited works Years of Conscience: The Muckrakers (Cleveland: Meridian, 1962) The American Writer and the Great Depression (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1966)

Children's literature/Translations Agouhanna, by Claude Aubry. Translated from the French by Harvey Swados. Illustrated by Grey Cohoe. (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1971) Bim, The Little Donkey, by Albert Lamorisse. Translated from the French by Harvey and Bette Swados (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1971) The Mystery of the Spanish Silver Mine (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1971)

Biography Standing Up for the People: The Life and Work of Estes Kefauver (New York: Dutton, 1972)