Green Hackworth

Green Haywood Hackworth (Prestonsburg, Kentucky, January 23, 1883 – Washington, DC, June 24, 1973) was an American jurist who served as the first U.S. judge on the International Court of Justice, as President of the International Court of Justice, as the longest running Legal Adviser to the US Department of State (1925 -1946) and as a member of Secretary of State Cordell Hull's inner circle of advisers. Hackworth was instrumental in the development of plans for the post World War II world order and was a key member of the U.S. delegation to the Dumbarton Oaks Conference. He served as a member of the Advisory Committee on Postwar Foreign Policy (1942), as a member of Post War Programs Committee (1944) and as Chairman of the Committee of Jurists that drafted the initial statutes for the International Court of Justice (1945).

Early life and education

Green Haywood Hackworth was born in Prestonburg Kentucky and his youth was spent in the area of the Big Sandy River. He received a B.A. degree from Valparaiso University, a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Kentucky and an L.L.B degree from George Washington University. In 1916, after completion of his legal studies, Hackworth secured a job as a law clerk with the U.S. Department of State and in 1918 was promoted to Assistant Solicitor within the department. Although a Democrat, Hackworth was chosen in 1925 by Republican U.S. Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes, for nomination by the President and subsequent approval by the Senate to become Solicitor of the Department of State. After seeing and then dismissing the diplomats, Hull met with President Roosevelt and then later again with Hackworth where the two discussed the drafting of a proclamation of war between Japan and the United States. As World War II progressed, Hackworth advised Secretary Hull, President Roosevelt, Special (now White House) Counsel Samuel Rosenman, and numerous agencies within the government. His role was to consider legal developments in the laws of war, laws of neutrality, laws of belligerency, and the effects of these laws upon the U.S. and other countries. Post War Planning

In February 1942, US Secretary of State Cordell Hull organized the Advisory Committee on Postwar Foreign Policy which was followed by the Special Subcommittee on International Organization After President Roosevelt approved an outline of the plan, Hull created The Policy Committee and the Post War Programs Committee, composed of Hackworth and other close advisers from the previously established Informal Political Agenda Group, to implement the vision of a United Nations. Hackworth headed the second group charged with studying arrangements for the peaceful settlements of international disputes and the development of a world court. At the Dumbarton Oaks Conference, Hackworth chaired a special legal subcommittee that was established to deal with the issue of a world court. The subcommittee used as a base the American draft statute that Hackworth's section had developed prior to the conference. The subcommittee first dealt with the technically complex issue of whether or not the present court should be continued or a new court established and also what the relationship should be of the new court with the new international organization. Hackworth championed the American's view that retaining as much of the existing court statutes as possible should be preferred. However, the Soviets strongly opposed the continuing membership of certain neutral states in the world court and favored the creation of a new tribunal. This dispute and others over the world court were settled at the general U.N. Conference at San Francisco where Hackworth represented the U.S. on Committee IV, which was tasked with finalizing statutes for the International Court of Justice.

International Court of Justice Rulings

Positions

1916 - Law Clerk, U.S. Department of State 1918 - Assistant Solicitor, U.S. Department of State 1925 - Solicitor of the Dept. of State, U.S. Department of State, 1931 - Legal Adviser of the Dept. of State, U.S. Department of State 1930 - Member of U.S. Delegation, Conference on the Codification of International Law 1939 - Adviser to U.S. Secretary of State, Meeting of Foreign Ministers of the American Republics 1940 - Member of U.S. Delegation, Conference of American States 1943 - Member of U.S. Delegation, Moscow Conference 1944 - Member of U.S. Delegation, Dumbarton Oaks Conference 1945 - Chairman, Committee of Jurists for Drafting Statutes of the International Court of Justice 1945 - Adviser to US. Delegation, San Francisco Conference on International Organization of the United Nations 1946 - U.S. Judge, International Court of Justice

Associations Council on Foreign Relations District of Columbia Bar U.S. Supreme Court Bar Permanent Court of Arbitration American Society of International Law

Publications "Digest of International Law" 1940-1944 (eight volumes)