George Stephen West

George Stephen West (20 April 1876 – 7 August 1919), ARCS, FLS, was a British botanist, a specialist in phycology and protistology, a botanical illustrator and a writer. With his father, botanist William West (West, 1848–1914), he collaborated on numerous scientific books. West's brother was the botanist William West Jr (W. West, 1875–1901), who assisted their father with fieldwork.

West was professor of natural history at the Royal Agricultural College at Cirencester, then was based for the rest of his life at the University of Birmingham, where he was elected Mason Professor of Botany, following the retirement of William Hillhouse. While there, he enlarged the botany department. One of his students was Muriel Bristol. He was a Fellow of the Linnean Society of London, and president of Birmingham Natural History and Philosophical Society.

West was married with two sons who were young children when he died at age 43 of double pneumonia. He left behind numerous scientific papers and other publications, of which his 1904 Treatise on the British Fresh-Water Algae and his 1916 Algae vol.i caught public attention, because they helped students to keep pace with contemporary new research, and its consequent fast-changing classification of species. When he died, he still had significant work planned.

Background George Stephen West's father was William West (1848–1914). He was born in Bradford on 20 April 1876; his elder brother was William West (1875–1901),

West attended Bradford Technical College. then studied at the Royal College of Science, London, where he gained a 1st class degree in Natural Science Tripos in 1897 and 1898. He won the Forbes Medal and prize there in 1894. where he gained his Bachelor of Arts degree, and his Master of Arts on 10 March 1902. At Cambridge he was a scholar and Hutchinson Research Student, They lived at 13 Pekenham Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham. His pastimes were gardening and golf. When West's father died intestate on 15 May 1914, he inherited £2,065 7s 8d .

On 7 August 1915, West suffered "a severe bout of influenza", from which he "never quite recovered". The "indifferent health" that followed his illness weakened him before his early death at Edgbaston in 1919 from double pneumonia. He left £499 6s 3d to his family. In 1913 West was president of Birmingham Natural History and Philosophical Society; as president he hosted an exhibition at Queen's College, Birmingham. The exhibition included "a series of stone algae and marine algae".

Publications Illustration by G.S. West, from Monograph of the British Desmidiaceae (1904) Note: The following is a selection of West's publications. He left some unfinished works when he died: Algal Flora of the Midlands, and British Freshwater Algae (excluding Diatoms and Desinids). .

Regarding Algae, vol.i (1916), The Scotsman said: "The present work is the first of a series ... that promise to put the student of botany under a debt to the publishers and to the editors of the series. This volume is to be followed by others on lichens, fungi and gnetales. Professor West's work is a biological account of all the algae included in the myxophyceae, peridinieae, bacillarieae and chlorophyceae, both freshwater and marine. It is the first of the two volumes which, when completed, will replace the author's Treatise on British Fresh-Water Algae which, twelve years old, has fallen out of date, and is [as of 1916] no longer in circulation. Professor West has in contemplation a further work which will be a complete systematic account of all the fresh water algae (excepting desmids and diatoms) known to occur in the British islands. It is impossible to do more here than acknowledge the scope and success of his labours in the way of classifying and recording the great advances in knowledge made in this subject of recent years by the author himself and other workers, and the admirable manner in which the matter is arranged to facilitate the work of the student" (1916). [West died before he could complete all of the series].

The Birmingham Daily Post shed some light on the context of one publication: "[Algae vol.i] is gratifying proof that enterprise in the publication of technical works helpful to students of science has not been discouraged by the war. Botany covers so wide a field, and is developing so rapidly in its various branches through modern research that it is becoming well-nigh impossible for the student to keep pace with the progress of discovery. Text books in the course of a few years become obsolete, the student is brought suddenly face to face with new classifications and nomenclature which he is totally unable to understand, and it is only with the aid of handbooks written by specialists on different groups that he is able to make himself familiar with the results of recent researches into the morphology and natural history of various branches of the natural kingdom. It is to meet this want that the present series is designed ... These volumes could not possibly have been entrusted to better hands [than those of G.S. West]. Like his father (W. West), Professor West has devoted many years of his life to investigating the algae, and his knowledge of the green algae, to which the first volume is very largely devoted, is unrivalled. The author's Treatise on Fresh-Water Algae, published twelve years ago, still remains the standard British work on the subject, and it is in order to bring it up to date in relation to modern research, of which Professor West has himself undertaken the lion's share, that the first two volumes of the new series of handbooks have been written. [West had re-classified the algae, and differentiations had been noted. Colouration of water, pigmentation of algae and the combination of light and chromatic changes were described in the book. The distinction between animal and plant were discussed, along with ideas about the evolution from flagellates to vegetables]. The book contains 271 illustrations, of which the great bulk have been drawn by the author". [The book sold for 25 shillings ]. (1916).

The Journal of Botany, British and Foreign said: "West was the leading expert of this country on freshwater algae: he could recognise at sight almost every British Desmid. His four beautifully illustrated volumes on British Desmidiaceae in the Ray Society's publications are well known; it [was] hoped to publish a fifth volume based on his notes. The investigations of father and son in the Desmids of the whole world made it clear that that group is peculiarly fitted to throw light on the problems of plant distribution and the evolution of species, owing to the fact that they can seldom survive desiccation even for a few hours" (1919).

The Scotsman remembered West: "... the late Professor G.S. West's Treatise on the British Freshwater Algae, a scientific work on these plants that, since its first appearance in 1904, has played a leading part in instructing and stimulating the widespread research into the biology of the algae and related organisms which has been so fruitful of results during the past quarter of a century ..." (1927). [In 1927, Professor Felix Eugen Fritsch published a new, updated edition of the work].