Galvarino

Galvarino (died c. November 30, 1557) was a famous Mapuche warrior during the majority of the early part of the Arauco War. He fought and was taken prisoner along with 150 other Mapuche, in the Battle of Lagunillas against governor García Hurtado de Mendoza. As punishment for insurrection, some of these prisoners were condemned to amputation of their right hand and nose, while others such as Galvarino had both hands cut off. Galvarino and the rest were then released as a lesson and warning for the rest of the Mapuche. Mendoza sent him to inform general Caupolicán of the number and quality of the people which had entered their land again, to put some fear into him, among other means that were tried, so that he might submit without coming to blows.

When returning to the Mapuche, he appeared before Caupolicán and the council of war, showing them his mutilations, crying out for justice and a greater rising of the Mapuche against this Spanish invader like the one of Lautaro. For his bravery and gallantry, he was named by the council to command a squadron. With knives fastened on both mutilated wrists replacing his hands, he fought next to Caupolicán in the following campaign until the Battle of Millarapue, where his squadron fought against that of governor Mendoza himself and he was able to strike down the second in command.

However, Mendoza's command broke Galvarino's division after over an hour of combat and won the battle, killing 3,000 Mapuche and capturing over 800 including him. Mendoza ordered him to be executed by being thrown to the dogs.

In the book La Araucana, written by Alonso de Ercilla, he explains that the real death of Galvarino was by hanging.