Fred Kessler

Frederick P. Kessler (January 11, 1940 – November 12, 2024) was an American lawyer, arbitrator, judge, and Democratic Party politician. He served as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly for 24 years between 1961 and 2019, and served 11 years as a state judge in the 1970s and 1980s.

Fred Kessler was married Joan F. Kessler, who was the first woman to serve as a U.S. attorney for Wisconsin, she later also served as a Wisconsin Court of Appeals judge.

Early life Kessler was born January 11, 1940, in Milwaukee and attended Our Redeemer Lutheran School in Madison until he became a Page of the United States House of Representatives, serving from 1955 and attending the House Page School. He ultimately graduated from Milwaukee Lutheran High School and worked briefly as a machine operator (becoming a member of the United Steel Workers) and salesman, before his 1960 election to the Assembly. He was involved in the movement to draft John F. Kennedy to run for President in 1960, serving as Chairman of the Wisconsin Youth for Kennedy Club in 1959. He was the youngest Chairman of the Wauwatosa City Democratic Committee at age 19.

First terms in the Assembly In 1960, Kessler ran for Wisconsin State Assembly in Milwaukee County's 10th Assembly district (at the time the district comprised just the 10th ward of the city of Milwaukee). Kessler was one of five Democrats challenging incumbent Patrick H. Kelly in the Democratic primary. Kessler ultimately prevailed with 38% of the vote and went on to defeat Republican Herbert W. Smith in the general election. In 1962, rather than running for re-election, he sought the Democratic nomination for the Wisconsin's 6th State Senate district, but came in 2nd to Martin J. Schreiber in a four-way primary. Patrick Kelly reclaimed his old Assembly seat. Kessler received a law degree from the University of Wisconsin Law School in 1966, and was re-elected easily in 1966, Governor Reynolds embraced the court-ordered map and called it, "the culmination of my four-year fight for equal voting rights for the people of the state of Wisconsin."

In 1971, Kessler was chairman of the Assembly elections committee and the principal negotiator for Democrats crafting a new reapportionment bill. The 1970s redistricting was further complicated by the new federal Voting Rights Act of 1965 and accompanying U.S. Supreme Court opinions which set a legal mandate for states to seek equal representation in legislative districts. Requirements in the Wisconsin Constitution created unique technical challenges to achieving equal representation, and the state government was under divided partisan control. Kessler set out a plan to achieve the various goals by disregarding strict adherence to county boundaries, eliminating 1 Assembly seat, and establishing a uniform 3-to-1 ratio of Assembly to Senate seats. Republicans and Democrats soon agreed with his recommendations, but disagreed over the final map. Finally, in an April 1972 special session of the Legislature, a compromise was reached.

Judiciary After the end of the Legislative session in 1972, Lucey appointed Kessler to a vacant county judgeship. He was subsequently elected to a full term in April 1973.

Kessler was appointed to the Wisconsin Legislative Council Committee on Court Reorganization in 1978. He was a leader in the fight for a single level trial court and the appointment by the Supreme Court of the district chief judges (both which were approved by an 8 to 7 vote on the committee, and ultimately signed into law). He also initiated a successful effort in 1979, to outlaw commercial surety bail bonding, resulting in Wisconsin becoming the fourth state to prohibit the practice. Due to the judicial reform law, his position of county judge was abolished and he was transitioned into a circuit judge for Milwaukee County, effective August 1, 1978. He was elected to another term April 3, 1979.

Kessler resigned his judgeship on June 2, 1981, to attempt a run for the vacant seat in Wisconsin's 5th congressional district in 1982. Kessler came in 2nd in the crowded ten-person Democratic primary, which included several past and current legislators, county supervisors, and the wife of Milwaukee mayor Henry Maier. He resigned the judgeship in early 1988 when he planned to make another run for United States House of Representatives, but ultimately dropped out before the primary.

After the judiciary After leaving the court, Kessler worked as an attorney, labor arbitrator, and redistricting consultant.

As a civic leader, Kessler, in 1979, along with Milwaukee School Board member Leon Todd successfully led an effort to create three language immersion elementary schools in Milwaukee, one each in German, French and Spanish, see Milwaukee German Immersion School, Milwaukee French Immersion School. On May 15, 2014, Kessler and Todd receive a lifetime achievement award from the German Immersion Foundation for their effort in 1979.

He made another run for Congress in 1992 when the 5th congressional district seat became vacant again, but came in 3rd in a six-person Democratic primary. He was re-elected without opposition in 2006 and 2008; and in 2010 won re-election over Republican Sam Hagedorn. Kessler faced a challenge in the Democratic primary from African-American newcomer Mario Hall, who was reported to be a school choice supporter with backing from the pro-voucher American Federation for Children and allied organizations. Kessler (who had to move into the redrawn district) won with 71% of the vote, and faced no challenger in the November general election. Kessler was re-elected without significant opposition in 2014 (one Democratic and one Republican challenger failed to make the ballot; the Republican received .3% of the vote in the general election as a write-in candidate). In 2016, he had no challengers in the primary or general election.

Fred and Joan Kessler had two children. He died from cancer on November 12, 2024, at the age of 84.

Electoral history

Wisconsin Assembly, Milwaukee 10th district (1960)

Wisconsin Senate (1962)

Wisconsin Assembly, Milwaukee 10th district (1964–1970)

Year Election Date Elected Defeated Total Plurality 1964 Primary Democratic 1,823 59.77% Dem. 489 16.03% 3,050 1,334 Dem. 421 13.80% Dem. 261 8.56% Dem. 56 1.84% General Democratic 7,004 73.50% Rep. 2,525 26.50% 9,529 4,479 1966 General Democratic 2,984 66.05% Rep. 1,534 33.95% 4,518 1,450 1968 Primary Democratic 1,166 82.81% Dem. 242 17.19% 1,408 924 General Democratic 5,183 69.16% Rep. 2,311 30.84% 7,494 2,872 1970 General Democratic 3,795 77.48% Rep. 1,103 22.52% 4,898 2,692

U.S. House of Representatives (1982)

Wisconsin Circuit Court (1986)

U.S. House of Representatives (1988, 1992)

Wisconsin Assembly, 12th district (2004–2018) Year Election Date Elected Defeated Total Plurality 2004 Primary Democratic 3,112 55.31% Dem. 2,496 44.37% 5,626 616 General Democratic 18,720 90.98% Con. 1,761 8.56% 20,576 16,959 2006 General Democratic 13,193 98.76%--unopposed-- 13,359 13,027 2008 General Democratic 20,399 98.92% 20,622 20,176 2010 General Democratic 13,758 73.73% Rep. 4,868 26.09% 18,661 8,890 2012 Primary Democratic 1,937 71.48% Dem. 762 28.12% 2,710 1,175 General Democratic 16,193 98.59% --unopposed-- 16,425 2014 General Democratic 16,494 97.94% Rep. 3 0.02% 16,841 2016 General Democratic 18,642 98.42% --unopposed-- 18,941 2018 Primary Democratic 3,709 59.23% Dem. 2,545 40.64% 6,262 1,164