Francisco Manoel Carlos de Mello de Ficalho

D. Francisco Manuel de Melo Breyner, 4th Count of Ficalho (27 July 1837 – 19 April 1903), was a Portuguese aristocrat, noted botanist, intellectual and amateur arabist.

Biography Francisco Manuel de Melo Breyner was the only child of António de Melo Breyner Teles da Silva, 2nd Marquis of Ficalho (1806–1893), and his wife, Maria Luísa Braamcamp de Almeida Castelo Branco. He studied at the Lisbon Polytechnic School from 1855 to 1860, earning brilliant marks; soon after, on 2 January 1864, he became a substitute professor of Botany there; following the death of João de Andrade Corvo in 1890, he became the full professor of the chair. Ficalho worked closely with German botanist Edmund Goeze, and later the French Jules Daveau in the selection of plants and trees and in the development of the arboretum, and was deeply committed to the scientific transaction with foreign peers. As a botanist and taxonomist, Francisco Manuel de Melo Breyner was especially interested in the study of the African flora, namely the Angolan herbarium of Friedrich Welwitsch. He also wrote Flora dos Lusíadas, published in 1880 to commemorate the tricentennial of the death of Luís de Camões, The Count of Ficalho was also put in charge of several diplomatic commissions, most notably as Ambassador Extraordinary to the coronation ceremonies of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia in 1896. He was several times considered to head the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, but he never did accept a government post or political party affiliation.

Alongside Ramalho Ortigão, Guerra Junqueiro, Eça de Queirós, and others, the Count of Ficalho was also a member of the "Life's Vanquished", an informal group of the most important personalities of late 19th-century Portuguese intellectual and cultural life.

The Count of Ficalho died in his palace in Rua dos Caetanos, parish of Mercês, around half-past four a.m. on 19 April 1903; King Carlos I went there personally that afternoon to pay his respects. He was interred in the family mausoleum in Prazeres Cemetery the following day.

Distinctions National orders

Foreign orders