Duke Ling of Qi

Duke Ling of Qi , personal name Lü Huan, was a duke of the Qi state, reigning from 581 BC to 554 BC. He succeeded his father, Duke Qing, and was in turn succeeded by one of his sons, Duke Zhuang II.

Attack from Jin In 572 BC, Duke Dao of the State of Jin attacked Qi. Duke Ling made peace with Jin by sending his son Prince Guang (later Duke Zhuang II of Qi) to Jin as a hostage. Nine years later Prince Guang was made the crown prince of Qi. Lai was a large Dongyi state to the east of Qi, and the state of Qi more than doubled the size of its territory after annexing Lai.

Succession Duke Ling's main wife was Yan Yi Ji, a princess of the State of Lu, who had no son. His original heir, Crown Prince Guang, was the son of Sheng Ji, niece of Yan Yi Ji. Duke Ling also had at least two other concubines, Zhong Zi and Rong Zi, who were both princesses of the State of Song. Zhong Zi bore a son named Ya, while Rong Zi had no son but took Prince Ya under her wing. Duke Ling favoured Rong Zi, who asked him to make Prince Ya the new crown prince. Although Zhong Zi objected, Duke Ling still deposed Prince Guang and made Prince Ya his heir.

In 554 BC, the 28th year of his reign, Duke Ling fell ill and died in the fifth month. The powerful minister Cui Zhu installed Guang, the original crown prince, on the throne, to be known as Duke Zhuang II of Qi. Cui Zhu and Duke Zhuang killed Rong Zi, Prince Ya, and rival minister Gao Hou, who supported Prince Ya.

Duke Ling also had another son named Chujiu, born to another of Duke Ling's concubines, who was the daughter of Shusun Xuanbo, leader of the Shusun clan of Lu. Cui Zhu would later kill Duke Zhuang and install Chujiu on the throne, to be known as Duke Jing of Qi.

Family Wives: Yan Yi Ji, of the Ji clan of Lu

Concubines: Zong Sheng Ji, of the Ji clan of Lu , Yan Yi Ji's niece; the mother of Crown Prince Guang Zhong Zi, of the Zi clan of Song , the mother of Crown Prince Ya Rong Zi, of the Zi clan of Song (; d. 554 BC), Zhong Ji's dowry younger sister Mu Meng Ji, of the Shusun lineage of the Ji clan of Lu , a daughter of Shusun Qiaoru ; the mother of Prince Chujiu

Sons: Crown Prince Guang (; d. 548 BC), ruled as Duke Zhuang II of Qi from 553–548 BC Crown Prince Ya (; d. 554 BC) Prince Chujiu (; d. 490 BC), ruled as Duke Jing of Qi from 547–490 BC

Ancestry