Dōshō

was a Japanese monk credited with playing an influential role in the founding of Buddhism in Japan.

In C.E. 653, the Dōshō travelled to China, studying under the Buddhist monk Xuanzang, whose travels to India were immortalized in the book Records of the Western Regions. His studies centered on Xuanzang's Weishi, the Chinese variant of Indian Yogācāra, but he was also exposed to Chinese Chán while there, which would later lead to his influence on the founding of Japanese Zen Buddhism. In China, the school is known as Wéishí-zōng (, "Consciousness Only" school), or Fǎxiàng-zōng (, "Dharma Characteristics" school). In Japan, it is known as Hossō-shū or .

After returning from China, Dōshō became a priest at Gangō-ji, one of the great temples, the Nanto Shichi Daiji, in Nara, Japan. His teachings were based on the consciousness-only philosophy taught by Xuanzang, which in Japanese he called Hossō. It was at Gangō-ji that later he founded Japan's first meditation hall.