Carla J. Shatz

Carla J. Shatz (born 1947) is an American neurobiologist and an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, the National Academy of Sciences, and the National Academy of Medicine.

She was the first woman to receive a PhD in neurobiology from Harvard. Shatz received a tenured position in the basic sciences at Stanford Medical School and later returned to Harvard to head the university's Department of Neurobiology. In both cases, Shatz was the first woman hired for the position. ) and led the Harvard Center for Brain Imaging.

Shatz currently holds professorship appointments in both the Department of Biology (School of Humanities and Sciences) and in Neurobiology (School of Medicine) and is The Catherine Holman Johnson Director of Stanford Bio-X at Stanford University. She was the inaugural chair of The Sapp Family Provostial Professorship. She also served on the Life Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize in 2011.

Research Shatz is one of the pioneers who determined some of the basic principles of early brain development. She found that the spontaneous activity of neurons in utero is critical for the formation of precise and orderly neural connections in the central nervous system. She discovered that waves of spontaneous activity in the retina can alter gene expression and the strength of synaptic connections. In 2000, Shatz and colleagues identified MHC Class I molecules as important for neuronal plasticity, a surprising new role for molecules previously thought to have only immune system function.

Shatz is credited with coining a well-known mnemonic summarizing Hebbian theory: "Cells that fire together, wire together." In her September 1992 Scientific American article, she wrote, "Segregation to form the columns in the visual cortex [...] proceeds when the two nerves are stimulated asynchronously. In a sense, then, cells that fire together wire together. The timing of action-potential activity is critical in determining which synaptic connections are strengthened and retained and which are weakened and eliminated."

Awards Shatz has received the following awards and honors: 1985 Society for Neuroscience Young Investigator Award 1993 Silvo Conte Award, National Foundation for Brain Research 1995 Charles A. Dana Award for Pioneering Achievement in Health and Education 2006 Gill Prize in Neuroscience 2011 Ralph W. Gerard Prize in Neuroscience 2013 Mortimer D. Sackler, M.D. Prize for Distinguished Achievement in Developmental Psychobiology 2015 Gruber Prize in Neuroscience 2016 Kavli Prize in Neuroscience 2016 Champalimaud Foundation Vision Award 2017 Harvey Prize in Science and Technology

She has been elected to numerous professional societies: American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1992) National Academy of Sciences (1995) American Philosophical Society (1997) National Academy of Medicine (1999) Foreign Member of the Royal Society of London (2011) European Academy of Sciences and Arts Honorary doctorate at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (2023).

In 1997, Shatz was invited by President Bill Clinton and First Lady Hillary Clinton to speak at the White House Conference on Early Childhood Development and Learning.