Carl Bergmann

Carl Georg Lucas Christian Bergmann (18 May 1814 – 30 April 1865), also known as Karl Georg Lucas Christian Bergmann, was a German anatomist, physiologist, and biologist. He developed Bergmann's rule (that populations and species of animals of larger size are found in colder environments). He microscopically examined the cells of the retina to determine which of them convert light into neural signals that lead ultimately to visual perception: the cones and the rods. Bergmann also coined the terms fovea centralis (for the very center of the retina),

Biography Bergmann was born in Göttingen, then in the Electorate of Hanover. His father was Friedrich Christian Bergmann (1785–1845), a lawyer and professor. His mother was Henriette Christine, née Mejer. After graduating from high school in Holzminden in 1832, he studied medicine and natural sciences at the universities in Göttingen and Würzburg.

In 1838, Bergmann received his medical doctorate at the University of Göttingen,

In 1839, Bergmann obtained his habilitation at the University of Göttingen. He worked as a private lecturer at the university in medicine for physiology, comparative anatomy, and forensic medicine. This regular connection between heat balance and body size in animals was named after him - Bergmann's rule.

Publications Bergmann, C. (1846). Lehrbuch der Medicina Forensis für Juristen. Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig Bergmann, C. (1848). Über die Verhältnisse der Wärmeökonomie der Thiere zu ihrer Grösse . Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, Göttingen. Bergmann, C. and R. Leuckart (1855). Anatomisch-physiologische Uebersicht des Thierreichs. Vergleichende Anatomie und Physiologie. J. B. Müller, Stuttgart. Bergmann, C. (1854). "Zur Kenntnis des gelben Flecks der Netzhaut." Zeitschrift fur rationelle Medicin 3(1): 245-252. Bergmann, C. (1857). "Anatomisches und Physiologisches über die Netzhaut des Auges." Zeitschrift fur rationelle Medicin 3(1): 83-108.