Callixte Mbarushimana

Indicted by the International Criminal Court On 11 October 2010, Mbarushimana was arrested in France under a sealed warrant from the International Criminal Court for crimes against humanity and war crimes allegedly committed in the Kivus (Democratic Republic of the Congo). The warrant concerns widespread attacks allegedly committed by troops of the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), against civilians in North and South Kivu in 2009. The Court's judges state that there are reasonable grounds to believe that Mbarushimana, as Executive Secretary of the FDLR, bears criminal responsibility for these attacks, including murder, torture, rape, persecution and inhumane acts. The warrant alleges that Mbarushimana was part of a plan to create a humanitarian catastrophe to extract concessions of political power for the FDLR.

On 25 January 2011, Mbarushimana was extradited to the International Criminal Court for prosecution at The Hague. On 30 May 2012 the ICC's Appeal Chamber also dismissed the Prosecutor's appeal against the decision not to prosecute him.

Flight to France On 7 April 2024, Rwandan President Paul Kagame accused Mbarushimana of having “delivered to the killers” Paul Kagame’s cousin. Kagame said: “He then continued his career at the United Nations for many years, even after evidence implicating him emerged." “He is still a free man, now living in France”. On 1 October 2024, the French justice system dropped the charges against Mbarushimana, who was prosecuted for crimes against humanity during the genocide of the Tutsi in Rwanda in 1994.