C.J. Thomas

Chollampel John Thomas (1918–1960), popularly known by his initials C. J., was an Indian playwright and literary critic of Malayalam literature. He was best known for his plays, Aa Manushyan Nee Thanne, Avan Venndum Varunnu and 1128-il Crime 27 which introduced modernity into Malayalam theatre. He was also a leader of the Vimochana Samaram, an anti-communist uprising against the First E. M. S. Namboodiripad ministry in Kerala.

Biography

C. J. Thomas was born on 14 November 1918 in the Chollampel House at Koothattukulam, in Ernakulam district of the south Indian state of Kerala to a Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Christian priest, Yohannan Mar Episcopa and Annama of the Chollampel house. Following his father's advice, Thomas prepared to become a priest and after his schooling at the Government High School, Koothattukulam and Vadakara High School, he was ordained a deacon of the Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church, and completed his pre-university studies at CMS College Kottayam where free education was provided for deacons. Later, he graduated from the Union Christian College, Aluva in 1937 and it was during this time, he quit the priestly vocation. He joined a primary school in Vadakara as a teacher but, having drawn to the Indian independence movement, his relationship with the school management became worse, leading to his resignation from the job. Subsequently, he studied law at the Government Law College, Thiruvananthapuram, and on graduation in 1943, he started practicing as an advocate under N. V. Chacko, a leading lawyer of the times. However, he did not continue with the job and after two months, he quit to become a full-time member of Communist party. After the death of Paul in 1952, He managed the college for a while and ran his own college for a brief period before joining the All India Radio as a producer in 1957 on a three-year contract but left the job after one year. He also worked as the production officer at the Dakshin Bharat Book Trust, at their Chennai and Kochi offices, starting from 1958 and a year later, he was diagnosed with brain tumour. Though he underwent treatment at the Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, he died following a surgery, on 14 July 1960, His life has been documented in a biography titled Manalkaattinte Sabdam (The voice of a sandstorm), by George Onakkoor. His play, Avan Veendum Varunnu (Behold! He Comes Again), published in 1949, was the first modern play in Malayalam language and the three most notable among his plays, Avan Veendum Varunnu, Aa Manushyan Nee Thanne and 1128-il Crime 27, while evidently showing the influence of Bertoldt Brecht and epic theatre, are known to have pioneered the experimental theatre in Malayalam. He based his plays on biblical themes but they deviated from the conventional biblical dramas, often criticising the religious ills. It was he who designed the logo, with a swan motif, of the National Book Stall, the retail division of the cooperative society. He wrote a play, Vishsvruksham (The Poisonous Tree), which was staged in 1958 and contributed to strengthening the mass protests which eventually led to the dismissal of the democratically elected government.