Bernd Grimm

Bernd Grimm (born 1962) is a German product designer, architectural model builder and artist. He became known through the creation of architectural models of historical and antique buildings. Ten of his models belong to the collection of the architectural icons of the architect Oswald Mathias Ungers.

Biography Grimm was born in Ellwangen an der Jagst, Germany. He studied Industrial Design from 1983 to 1989 at the Hochschule für bildende Künste Hamburg with Lambert Rosenbusch and graduated as a designer. During his studies he developed an interest in the field of architectural theory. Together with his fellow student Jan Kraege, he carried out scientific research on historical buildings such as the Temple of Clitumnus near Spoleto (1985) and produced a model of it. He also investigated the functionality of the proportional compass developed by Balthasar Neumann. During his studies, the German Archaeological Institute commissioned him to create a model of the Temple of Mars Ultor at the Forum of Augustus in Rome (1987). After completing his studies, Grimm worked from 1990 to 2007 as a free-lance designer in the architectural office of Oswald Mathias Ungers, where he was responsible for the creation of architectural models of historically significant buildings. The idea was to create a kind of "three-dimensional collection". Over the years, ten architectural icons of the Ungers Collection were created, which Grimm produced after intensive research from Alabaster gypsum. The model thus becomes a high-quality cultural item.

From 2007 until Grimm was the artistic director of Oswald Mathias Ungers Archive for Architectural Research. From 2012 to 2014 he was an academic staff member at the Atelier Gerhard Richter in Cologne. In 2015 he received a practical scholarship of the Villa Massimo in Rome.

Architectural models

Architectural models can perform various functions. The architect can use a sketch model to check the realisability of his ideas. Presentation models can be submitted to competitions, more extensive models can show how a planned building integrates into the existing environment. In the field of architectural theory, models are also used as teaching and learning models to illustrate the aesthetics and construction of historical buildings. Against this background, Grimm's works can be understood as models after built architectures or memory models.

Every model building project by Grimm starts with scientific research; old sketches and measured drawings are consulted and literature on the respective buildings are analyzed. Usually this is followed by local investigations, e.g. Grimm spent several months in Rome for the model of the Temple of Mars Ultor and photographed and measured the temple. Only after this extensive preparatory work can he make decisions about how the respective model should be designed: "First of all, I'm developing a mindset. What are the basics? What best describes the core and essence of a building? Two things are always decisive: reduction and interpretation."

For the representation of the Tempietto del Bramante it had to be considered that originally a circular courtyard surrounded by columns was planned, whereas the courtyard today is square and without surrounding columns. Steps also originally led to the temple, so that the observer could see the building from below. Grimm designed the pedestal historically correct as a circular surface and made it so high that the underside of the building, mediated by the steps of the temple, became visible. In the reconstruction of ancient temples such as the Pantheon or Parthenon, fundamental decisions had to be made as to which phase of the respective building should be represented – the ideal state or an image of what the temples look like today. Finally, a scale had to be chosen that illustrates the essential elements of the architecture without getting lost in details.

Grimm manufactures all his architectural models in pure-white Alabaster gypsum., as this material has a neutral effect and is well suited for the presentation of fine details due to its properties. For recurring parts of buildings, such as columns, he creates silicone moulds. and over a year to complete the construction. While one always imagines something small with the word model, Grimm's works are by no means small: For example, the model of the Pantheon measures 74 × 170 × 97 cm and his other models also have similar dimensions. "After a long period of work, an architecture emerges as a sculpture that is as unique as ancient figures – just like the techniques of working with plaster, which only a few have mastered and which require a great deal of experience." The contractor for this work was the businessman Anton Bausinger (construction company Friedrich Wassermann).

The staircase is housed in a square tower and has 36 columns of different types. Grimm received permission from the Vatican to measure and photograph the stairs in detail. He subsequently drew up his report. Part of the investigation was the "decoding of the mathematical and geometrical basic structure" of the ramp. In addition, Grimm investigated the structural composition of the columns. he was able to produce a three-dimensional model of the staircase in stainless steel and birch multiplex in 1:20 scale.

The construction and structure of the staircase were made evident by the fact that the columns were only reproduced as outlines in stainless steel. To illustrate the dimensions of the building, Bernd Grimm gave the measurements in centimetres as well as in piedi and digiti, Ancient Roman units of measurement which were also used in the Renaissance – and came to the result: "The Rampa (Scala) del Bramante is designed and built from a single point. Based on a simple geometric structure that always allows a reference to the center, a high precision in the positioning of the components is achieved. [...] The exceptional quality of the spiral ramp lies in its strong core design idea, namely to combine simple and ideal geometric shapes with column orders, as an important element of architectural design." 1987: L’edicola di Leone X., Giza, Completion ca. 2580 BC, model in scale 1:250 2001: Castel del Monte by Friedrich II, Bodrum, circa 370–350 BC, model in scale 1:66 2004: Mausoleum of Theoderic, 2002–2004: Braunschweig University of Art, Department of Industrial Design 2005: Leibniz University Hannover, Department Architectur 2008: Technical University of Dortmund, Faculty of Construction Engineering 2016: HafenCity University Hamburg, Summer Studio "The Rural in the City" 2018: University of the Arts Bremen, Department of Industrial Design

Group exhibitions (selection) 1999: O. M. Ungers: Zeiträume – Architektur – Kontext, Kunsthalle Köln, Cologne, Germany 1999: Bauaufnahme Ursulinenkirche Köln, University of Fine Arts of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany 2000: Von der Renaissance zur Gegenwart, University of Fine Arts of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany 2003: ZwischenRaumZeit, gallery suitcasearchitecture, Berlin, Germany 2003: Via Culturalis, Romano-Germanic Museum, Cologne, Germany 2004: ArchiSkulptur, Beyeler Foundation, Basel, Switzerland 2006: O. M. Ungers: Kosmos der Architektur, Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin, Germany 2012: Das Architekturmodell – Werkzeug, Fetisch, kleine Utopie, German Architecture Museum, Frankfurt/Main 2015: Abschlusspräsentation der Stipendiaten, Deutsche Akademie Villa Massimo, Rome, Italy 2016: Das Architekturmodell – ein Medium in Theorie und Praxis, ETH Zurich, Department Architecture, Zürich, Switzerland 2016: 10 Jahre Villa Massimo, Vorstellung des Forschungsberichts Scala del Bramante, Martin-Gropius-Bau, Berlin, Germany 2017: Globes. Architecture & Sciences explorent le monde, Cité de l'Architecture et du Patrimoine, Paris, France