Barend Daniël Bouwer

Barend Daniël Bouwer (Ben Bouwer, born during the Dorsland Trek, Damaraland, Southwest Africa, 31 January 1875 – Cape Town, 23 November 1938) was a South African general in the Boer War (1899–1902) and the First World War (1914–1918).

Family Ben Bouwer was born the second child and first son among seven children of Barend Daniel Bouwer (June 5, 1842 - January 10, 1907) and Hester Catharina Regina Engelbrecht (Potchefstroom, February 10, 1854 - Pretoria, July 9, 1941).

Early years During the 1890s Bouwer took part in several wars against indigenous people in the north of the Transvaal, including the Malaboch War (1894) commanded by Piet Joubert. Also in 1894 he was appointed a clerk in the office of this Commander-in-chief (Afrikaans: kommandant-generaal) of the South African Republic in Pretoria. On the occasion of the botched Jameson Raid (29 December 1895 – 2 January 1896) Bouwer together with Danie Theron delivered a message of the British representative at Pretoria agent sir Jacobus de Wet to Jameson ordering him in vain to stop his invasion. Later Bouwer was a government witness in the trial of Jameson in London. In the Transvaal Bouwer clerked in the office of staatsprokureur (Transvaal State Attorney) J.C. Smuts, the successor of Herman Coster. In August 1901 Bouwer together with Jacobus van Deventer served as Smuts's adjudant commanders in his invasion of the Cape Colony from Orange Free State. They surprised and defeated the C Squadron of the British 17th Lancers near Modderfontein in the Battle of Elands River (1901) on 19 September 1901 and continued south up to Port Elizabeth and then to the west reaching the environs of Calvinia at the beginning of November 1901.

When Smuts reorganised his troops in Cape Colony Bouwer became veggeneraal (fighting general). In January 1902, Bouwer's men found a British battle ship anchored at Doringbaai in Western Cape and chased it away by firing at it. Bouwer and van Deventer captured Windhoek at the end of February 1902. His operations in the North West included the siege of Okiep (April–May 1902) until after the Treaty of Vereeniging when he finally put his arms down near Vanrhynsdorp. In July 1902, he returned to Transvaal.

First World War (1914–1918) and after At the start of the First World War in 1914, Bouwer served in the new army of the Union of South Africa as a district officer at Graaff-Reinet. He opposed the Maritz rebellion of 1914 and tried in vain to persuade his former superior general Manie Maritz to desist. Afterwards he fought the Germans as a colonel in German South West Africa and conquered Keetmanshoop. At the end of the war Bouwer was appointed to the general army staff and had an army career in Potchefstroom, Pretoria, Oos-Londen and at the Castle of Good Hope in Cape Town. On 30 April 1931, he was pensioned with the rank of brigade general. Thereafter he was a member of the South African Filmsensorraad (Film Censor Board), responsible for the national classification and censorship of films. He received the South African Dekoratie voor Trouwe Dienst and Distinguished Service Order honours.

Literature M. P. Bossenbroek, Yvette Rosenberg (Translator), The Boer War, Seven Stories Press, New York, NY, 2018. , 1609807472. Pages 365, 368–369, 374, 379, 381–382. J. E. H. Grobler, The War Reporter: the Anglo-Boer war through the eyes of the burghers, Johannesburg: Jonathan Ball Publishers, 2004. ISBN 978-1-86842-186-2. Pages 120, 126–127, 134, 140, 142, 150. Daniël Wilhelmus Krüger, in Krüger, prof. D.W. and Beyers, C.J. (eds.), Suid-Afrikaanse Biografiese Woordeboek, deel III. Kaapstad: Tafelberg-Uitgewers, 1977. In Afrikaans.

Potgieter, D.J. (ed.), Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa, volume 2. Cape Town: Nasionale Opvoedkundige Uitgewery (Nasou), 1970. Reitz, Deneys, Commando: A Boer Journal of the Boer War, London, 1929. Pierre Jacques Le Riche, Barend Daniël Bouwer, O. J. O. Ferreira, Memoirs of General Ben Bouwer, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, 1980.