Banboku Ōno

was a Japanese politician who was a powerful faction leader within the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in the early postwar period, serving stints as Speaker of the House of Representatives, Secretary General of the Liberal Party, and Vice President of the Liberal Democratic Party.

Viewed as an archetypical "party politician," as opposed to the "ex-bureaucrat" elected leaders he staunchly opposed, Ōno was affectionately nicknamed "Ban-chan." He was also known for his colorful sayings, such as noting that just as with yakuza gangsters, "politics is all about giri and ninjō", and "A monkey that falls from a tree is still a monkey, but a politician that loses an election is just a person".

Early life Banboku Ōno was born in Yamagata city in Gifu Prefecture on September 20, 1890. He attended the Meiji University Faculty of Law, but was expelled after taking part in rioting during the 1913 Taishō political crisis. Ōno proved effective at this kind of work, and eventually rose to become one of the leaders of the ingaidan. Ōno's early involvement in the political ruffianism of the ingaidan also allowed him to forge lifelong ties with yakuza groups and right-wing gangsters who would continue to aid him throughout his political career. Ōno was proud of these connections, and even in his later years as a well-established elected leader, he continued to openly participate in public gatherings of yakuza bosses.

Political career Ōno was elected to the Tokyo Municipal Assembly in 1923, where he served as an Assemblyman for 9 years and participated in a delegation to the United States to thank Americans for their support in reconstructing Tokyo following the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake.

In 1930, Ōno was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time, representing Gifu's 1st district, and became a member of the Ichirō Hatoyama faction in the Diet. To facilitate this, Kishi signed a secret written agreement with Ōno, also co-signed by fellow faction leaders and LDP heavyweights Eisaku Satō and Ichirō Kōno, stating that Ōno would be the next prime minister after Kishi's time in office concluded, followed in turn by Kōno and Satō, in exchange for all three leaders vocally supporting Kishi's administration and his bid for a third term. However, when Kishi was forced to resign in July 1960, he reneged on this agreement by throwing his support behind Hayato Ikeda for prime minister instead of Ōno. In particular, Kishi was angry that one of the main guarantors of the deal, Kōno, had openly opposed him during the Anpo protests of 1960, with tacit support from Ōno, while only his own brother Satō remained by his side. In fact, Kōno had even considered bolting the LDP along with Ōno, Takeo Miki, and Kenzō Matsumura. Although this plan fell through after much discussion, with the latter three ultimately refusing to join Kōno in exiting the party, by this time Kishi had come to view Ōno as one of the rebels that was undermining his government, and felt that the original terms of the secret agreement had been invalidated.

On July 14, 1960, Kishi was attacked by a knife-wielding assailant as he was leaving the prime minister's residence to host a garden party celebrating Ikeda's impending ascension to the premiership. The assailant was Taisuke Aramaki, an unemployed 65-year-old man affiliated with Ōno's private extra-parliamentary pressure group (ingaidan). Aramaki stabbed Kishi six times in the thigh, causing Kishi to bleed profusely, although Kishi survived because the blade had missed major arteries.

Final years and death Following his ascension to the premiership, Ikeda conciliated Ōno by appointing him Vice President of the LDP. Ōno held this office until he died of a heart attack on May 29, 1964. After Ono's death, his Diet faction split into the Isshinkai (Funada faction) and the Ichiyōkai (Murakami faction).