Arthur Worthington

Arthur Bentley Worthington (born Samuel Oakley Crawford, He studied law at Columbia College and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1867. In 1868 he married Josephine Erricson Moore and moved to Philadelphia. Their first child Susan was born in 1869. He soon left Josephine, and they never divorced, so all of his subsequent marriages were bigamous. It is said that he bankrupted his parents by not repaying loans. Worthington later claimed 400 adult followers and 300 Sunday School children.

His devoted converts to "The Truth" paid for the erection of an impressive "Temple of Truth" on the northern side of Latimer Square at the corner of Madras and Armagh Streets, along with a large house for his family. One observer, the lawyer and later judge Oscar Alpers, soon concluded that he was a fraud, but a very clever one. According to Alpers, Worthington exuded sincerity, and quoted from a wide range of authors, from Plato to Ralph Waldo Emerson. He had the gift of making the most banal and vague platitudes sound as if they were new and original insights.

While in Christchurch he published a volume of his sermons, The Worthington Lectures,

In 1891 Worthington was condemned by the Canterbury Medical Society for advising the parents of a boy with diphtheria to pray rather than seek medical assistance. By the time a doctor was called it was too late and the boy died. The society declared Worthington's teachings "a direct menace to the Public Health". The boy's father, a house-painter named Duggan, had been persuaded by Worthington that in a previous life he had painted the doors of Noah's Ark. Despite this and other criticisms in the local papers, the Temple of Truth attracted a congregation of several hundred devoted followers. Mrs Plunkett now developed her own following, the Order of the Temple, and called herself 'Sister Magdala'. Tired of Worthington's numerous affairs with his female followers, she advocated celibacy within marriage. Worthington repudiated Mary, sending her to live with her children at Coker's Hotel in Christchurch.

In 1894 Mrs Elizabeth Mary Ingram, a widow and member of the Rational Dress Society, sued the trustees of the Temple for the interest owing on six debentures worth £400. This case revealed many details about the financing of the Temple. One of Worthington's most generous supporters had been Thomas J. Edmonds, manufacturer of Edmond's "Sure to Rise" baking powder. There were dozens of other debenture holders who were unable to recover the interest owing to them. The case dragged on through various appeals until January 1895, when the Temple of Truth was put up for auction and bought by a Mr Weber as agent for A. B. Worthington.

In August 1895 Worthington married a young woman named Evelyn Maud Jordan, When John Marryat Hornsby published a detailed account of Worthington's previous career in his short-lived newspaper The Sun, Worthington sued him for libel, and won the case on a technicality, but was awarded only £10 damages. Hornsby was ill and bankrupt, and The Sun was wound up.

Worthington suddenly departed for Australia in December 1895, ostensibly to raise funds for his Temple of Truth, but when he returned in 1897 the trustees refused him entry to the building. He hired the Oddfellows' Lodge Hall and announced a series of Sunday lectures. On 26 September over a thousand people filled the hall, hissing and booing, and the police were called to keep order. Yet more people in the street blocked his departure, until Magistrate Beetham climbed onto a cab to read the Riot Act, its first and only reading in Christchurch. The sentencing judge declared him "one of the most dangerous imposters ever to come to Australia".

Later years, death and legacy After spending seven years in prison, he collected his wife and children from New Zealand and took them back to New York. He was appointed a Presbyterian pastor in Poughkeepsie in 1910, but was later exposed and expelled. He was arrested for fraud in 1917 and died in prison at Newburgh, New York, on 13 December, allegedly after being confronted by his last victim.

Mary Plunkett had also moved to Australia but returned to Christchurch, New Zealand in 1899 to set up a School of Mental Science, and in March 1901 married John Staines Atkinson, the brother of a former New Zealand Premier. The marriage was not a success, and she committed suicide by drowning in June 1901.

Not recorded under Religious Denominations in the 1891 New Zealand Census, the 'Students of Truth' numbered 340 in the 1896 Census. However, by 1901 their numbers had shrunk to 33, and to 18 in 1906. In the 1911 Census there were just 6. There was no entry for 'Students of Truth' in the 1916 Census.

The Temple of Truth in Christchurch was sold to property developers and in 1898 it was renamed the Choral Hall, becoming a popular venue for concerts, traveling shows and political speeches. It later became known as the Latimer Dance Hall. The building was demolished in 1966 and the site has been a corner car park ever since.

Descendants of Worthington and Evelyn May Jordan are still to be found in New York State.