Anthony J. Costello

Anthony James Costello is an Australian urologist. He served as head of the department of urology at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia. He established the first robotic prostate cancer surgery programme in Australia and published the first series of men who had laser surgery for benign prostate enlargements.

Costello has been an advocate for PSA testing in men and robotic surgery for prostate removal in treating prostate cancer. Based on microdissections of cadavers, he described the anatomy of the nerves near the prostate, significant for preserving erectile function.

Early life and education Anthony Costello was born in St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne. His father was an Australian Air Force pilot and general practitioner who practiced from home, where his mother stayed with their eight children. His ancestors had emigrated from Ireland in the mid 1800s.

Between 1957 and 1966 he attended Xavier College, and then studied at Newman College, a residential college of the University of Melbourne. He gained his medical degree in 1972 from the University of Melbourne, Medical School.

Career In 1981 Costello completed a fellowship at MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, under the supervision of urological surgeon Douglas E. Johnson. Subsequently, he spent five years back in Melbourne and then took a sabbatical as a returning fellow in Houston in 1989, when he developed an interest in emerging technologies relating to prostate cancer. He then returned to Melbourne in 1990 and became head of the unit at St. Vincent's.

He established an international urologic-oncology fellowship programme. In 1999, he was appointed head of urology at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, where, in 2001, he established a laboratory for prostate cancer research at its Department of Surgery. He also helped establish the Victorian Prostate Cancer Foundation.

In 2003, he began using the da Vinci Surgical robot for prostate surgery at his private practice in Epworth Hospital in Richmond, and established the first robotic prostate cancer surgery programme in Australia.

Costello has been an advocate for PSA testing in men and robotic surgery for prostate removal in treating prostate cancer. He popularised the use of an endoscopic closure device for raising the prostate during robotic assisted radical prostatectomy. Based on a series of microdissections of cadavers, he described the anatomy of the nerves near the prostate in detail, significant for preserving erectile function.

Urologists he trained include Ben Challacombe and Declan G. Murphy.

Awards and honours Costello is an honorary fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland,

In 2015, he became a member of the Order of Australia “for significant service to medicine in the field of urology as a clinician, administrator and author, to cancer research, and to medical education”.

Personal and family As a student Costello had been captain of football and swimming teams and later took up running. Of his siblings, four became doctors, one a judge and one a teacher.

In his 30s, he owned a vineyard and made wine. He is married and has grandchildren.

Selected publications