Zhang Ce

Zhang Ce (張策) (died 912), courtesy name Shaoyi (少逸), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang dynasty and the succeeding Later Liang of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Later Liang's founding emperor Zhu Wen (Zhu Quanzhong).

Background It is not known when Zhang Ce was born. His family was originally from Dunhuang. His father Zhang Tong (張同) served as a Tang dynasty official and at one point reached the position of governor of Rong District (容管, headquartered in modern Yulin, Guangxi).

At one point, Zhang Ce lived with his family at a mansion in Luoyang. At that time, an ancient-looking ornate ding was found in a well, that bore, in seal script, the inscription, "Sculpted by Ji Qian [(吉千)] in the spring, the second month, of the first year of Wei's Huangchu [(黃初)] era [(i.e., 220)]." Zhang Tong much valued the find, but Zhang Ce, who was then only 12 years old, calmly stated to his father: However, instead of going into Confucian studies and preparing for an official career, Zhang Ce was devoted to Buddhism in his youth. Even before he took adult clothes, he decided to take tonsure and became a monk at Ci'en Temple (慈恩寺) at the Tang imperial capital Chang'an. Later, when Wang ran into disputes with the imperial government and was attacked and defeated by Li Keyong the military governor of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi), Zhang, along with a servant girl, personally bore a litter to put his mother on, so that they could flee Jingnan's capital Bin Prefecture (邠州), through the snow. Fellow refugees sympathized with him, and this news spread. When Li Keyong's archrival Zhu Quanzhong the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan) heard of this, he invited Zhang to serve as his assistant in his role as governor of Xuanyi Circuit (宣義, headquartered in modern Anyang, Henan). However, soon thereafter, Zhang's mother died, so he left governmental service to observe a period of mourning for her. During the Tianfu (901-904) era of Emperor Xizong's brother and successor Emperor Zhaozong, there was an occasion when Han had Zhang bear letters and gifts from Han to Zhu; when Zhu saw Zhang, he gladly stated, "Professor Zhang is here." He retained Zhang to serve as chief secretary on his own staff. Early in the Tianyou era (starting 904, shared between Emperor Zhaozong and his son and successor Emperor Ai), Zhu recommended Zhang to serve as Zhifang Langzhong (職方郎中), a supervisory official at the ministry of civil service affairs (吏部, Lìbu, note different tone than the ministry of rites) and an editor of imperial histories. He was soon thereafter made an imperial scholar (翰林學士, Hanlin Xueshi) and Bingbu Langzhong (兵部郎中), a supervisory official at the ministry of defense (兵部, Bingbu); he was also in charge of drafting edicts and editing the imperial history. Shortly after, he was made Zhongshu Sheren (中書舍人), a mid-level official at the legislative bureau (中書省, Zhongshu Sheng), but bore much of the same responsibilities.

During Later Liang After Emperor Taizu took the throne as Later Liang emperor, Zhang Ce was made the deputy minister of public works (工部侍郎, Gongbu Shilang) as well as chief imperial scholar (翰林學士承旨, Hanlin Xueshi Chengzhi). Later that year, he was made the deputy minister of rites (禮部侍郎, Lǐbu Shilang). In 908, he accompanied Emperor Taizu on his campaign against rival state Jin (then ruled by Li Keyong's son and successor Li Cunxu). He returned to Luoyang. He spent the rest of his years on his garden planting trees, and enjoying books, music, and wine. He died in the fall of 912. He left a collection of his works — three volumes of his policy arguments in front of the emperor, 20 volumes of poetry and songs he wrote, and 30 volumes of his communiques.

Notes and references

History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 18. New History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 35. Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 266, 267.