Xicotencatl I

Xicotencatl I or Xicotencatl the Elder (c. 11 House – c. 4 Rabbit (1522)) was a long-lived teuctli (elected official) of Tizatlan, a Nahua altepetl (city-state) within the Confederacy of Tlaxcala, in what is now Mexico. He was instrumental in allying the Tlaxcalteca with the Spanish in order to overthrow the former's long-time foe, the Aztec Empire; afterward, he converted to Christianity under the name of Lorenzo Xicotencatl or Don Lorenzo de Vargas. Tlaxcalan historian Diego Muñoz Camargo wrote of him that he was more than 120 years old and could only see Cortés if he had someone lift his eyelids for him; Muñoz Camargo also writes that he had more than 500 wives and concubines, and—consequently—a large number of children, including Xicotencatl II and the wife of Jorge de Alvarado, Doña Lucía.

Conquest of the Aztec Empire The arrival of Hernán Cortés and the Spaniards divided the Tlaxcalan senate. Chronicler Francisco Cervantes de Salazar records that while Maxixcatl was open to allying with the Spanish, Xicotencatl's son—Xicotencatl II—was skeptical, holding that their presence was too dangerous:

After this speech, members of the council were divided on how to proceed, and Temilotecatl suggested a synthesized plan of allowing Xicotencatl II and some Otomi troops to ambush Cortés, the outcome of the attack to determine the course of action.

The Tlaxcalteca handed over 300 slave women, who were freed, baptized and assigned by Cortés as handmaidens for his concubine and advisor La Malinche. After learning that the women were well-treated, the lords of Tlaxcala married off five of their own daughters to the Spaniards. Xicotencatl's daughter Tecuelhuetzin married Pedro de Alvarado, being thence baptized as María Luisa Xicohténcatl.

Díaz del Castillo recounts that when Xicotencatl the Younger plotted to seize Chichimecatecuhtli's lands in Tlaxcala, during the latter's absence for the Siege of Tenochtitlan, Xicotencatl I told Cortés that "his son was wicked and he would not vouch for him, and begg[ed] Cortés to kill him." This Cortés ordered, and Xicotencatl II was hanged. He died in 1522. Following his death, noblemen from the rival Tlaxcallan city-state of Ocotelolco took control of the confederacy.

His daughter María Luisa gave birth to Pedro de Alvarado's children, Pedro and Leonor Alvarado Xicohténcatl. His great-grandson Captain Don Joaquin Buenaventura de la Paz was the founder of the Tlaxcalan settlement of San Esteban de Nueva Tlaxcala near Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico in the year 1591.

Poetry One song or poem attributed to Xicotencatl is known. It is recorded in the Cantares mexicanos (fols. 57v.–58r.), a collection of Nahuatl songs probably compiled in the last third of the 16th century for Bernardino de Sahagún, and concerns the flower wars conducted between Tlaxcala and the states of the Aztec Triple Alliance.