Wilson Bentley

Wilson Alwyn Bentley (February 9, 1865 – December 23, 1931), also known as Snowflake Bentley, was an American meteorologist and photographer, who was the first known person to take detailed photographs of snowflakes and record their features. He perfected a process of catching flakes on black velvet such that their images could be captured before they either melted or sublimated, and elaborated the theory that no two snowflakes are identical.

Kenneth G. Libbrecht notes that the techniques used by Bentley to photograph snowflakes are essentially the same as those used today, and that while the quality of his photographs reflects the technical limitations of the equipment of the era, "he did it so well that hardly anybody bothered to photograph snowflakes for almost 100 years". The broadest collection of Bentley's photographs is held by the Jericho Historical Society in his home town, Jericho, Vermont.

Bentley donated his collection of original glass-plate photomicrographs of snow crystals to the Buffalo Museum of Science. A portion of this collection has been digitized and organized into a digital library.

Biography

Bentley was born on February 9, 1865, in Jericho, Vermont. He first became interested in snow crystals as a teenager on his family farm. “Always, right from the beginning it was the snowflakes that fascinated me most,” he said. “The farm folks up in this country dread the winter, but I was supremely happy.” He tried to draw what he saw through an old microscope given to him by his mother when he was fifteen. He captured more than 5,000 images of crystals. Each crystal was caught on a blackboard and transferred rapidly to a microscope slide. Even at subzero temperatures, snowflakes are ephemeral because they sublimate. Despite these poetic descriptions, Bentley brought an empirical method to his work. Bentley also photographed all forms of ice and natural water formations including clouds and fog. He was the first American to record raindrop sizes, and was one of the first cloud physicists.

He died of pneumonia, which he may have contracted while walking home in the snow, at his farm on December 23, 1931. and is still in print today.

Legacy Bentley was memorialized in the naming of a science center in his memory at Johnson State College (now Vermont State University) in Johnson, Vermont. His lifelong home is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The Caldecott Medal winner in 1999 for the best-illustrated children's book was Snowflake Bentley, which remembers Bentley's life.

At the Fairbanks Museum and Planetarium, a meteorological observation center in St. Johnsbury, Vermont, there is an exhibit about atmospheric ice crystal formation featuring several of Bentley’s photos and a short biography. Bentley was a friend of naturalist, industrialist, and collector Franklin Fairbanks.

Photomicrographs using Bentley's technique of a 19th-century collection of 19 glass-plate negatives of snowflakes held by the Geology Department of the Field Museum in Chicago have been assembled into a field guide by the museum.