William Hicks

William Abraham Hicks (c. 1769 – ) was a wealthy farmer and leader of the Cherokee Nation. In a time of crisis, the National Cherokee Council named Hicks the interim Principal Chief in October 1827. He served in that capacity until October 1828. Hicks succeeded his older brother Charles Hicks, who died in office in January 1827, two weeks after coming to the position.

Hicks became a farmer in the Oothkalooga valley of present-day Georgia. He was of mixed race and supported European-American education for his and other Cherokee children, as well as the opening of a mission and school in the valley. He was baptized into the Moravian Christian faith in 1819.

Early life and family Charles and William's father was Nathan Hicks (1740–1829), a trader. Their mother is unknown. William was the youngest of the family. His siblings included Sarah Gosaduisga (1758), Elizabeth (1759), Mary (1760), Nathan Jr (1764), Elizabeth (1766), and Charles (1767).

Career and community William Hicks developed a farm in the valley of the Oothkalooga Creek, along with Cherokee leader and neighbor, Major Ridge, and turned it into a recognized "garden spot" (near present-day Calhoun in Gordon County, Georgia).

During these years Hicks became allied with Major Ridge. They shared some ambitions for their children and the Cherokee people. They both sent sons to study with the Moravian missionaries, the Gambolds. In addition, Hicks became baptized as a Christian, as did his wife. About 1822 Ridge and Hicks urged Father Gambold to open a mission at Oothkalooga (Ustinali) and establish a missionary school, as they had more children to be educated. Perhaps because the adoption of a new constitution had provoked an outcry from representatives of bordering states, the tribe was under tremendous pressure to make additional land cessions to Georgia and North Carolina. The Council chose to put in place an interim government in order to better deal with the situation. At its meeting in October 1827 at New Echota, it named William Hicks as principal chief, Ross as second chief, and Elijah Hicks as President of the National Committee. William Hicks served until October 1828 during a time of great tension.

Relieved of duty John Ross became Principal Chief in October 1828. He was of European and Cherokee ancestry, and had been educated in American schools, was bilingual, and was among the mixed-race elite leaders of the tribe, who were more acculturated to European-American ways. Most of the rest of the tribe did not speak English. George Lowery was elected Second Principal Chief, Lewis Ross as President of the National Committee, Going Snake as Speaker of the Council, John Martin as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Hicks and Ridge were made counselors to the chiefs.

Later life Hicks was disappointed that Ross was chosen as Principal Chief over him. He had become eccentric in the eyes of the tribal members. Ross took him with a delegation to Washington, however, to discuss land issues, but afterward Hicks' actions became increasingly erratic.

Marriage and family Hicks married Lydia Qua-La-Yu-Ga Halfbreed, born about 1769 in Spring Place, Georgia. Their son, Chief George Augustus Hicks, was a conductor on the Trail of Tears that went through Ft. Smith Arkansas.

In 1804, he married his second wife, Sarah "Sallie" Bathia Foreman, born about 1788 in Cherokee territory in present-day Tennessee She died September 1, 1839, in Fairfield, Cherokee Nation, Indian Territory, on the Trail of Tears.

Death Hicks died at age 68 at Oothkalooga Creek before The Removal.