Wen Jiang

Wen Jiang (; died 673 BC) was a princess of the State of Qi and duchess of the State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn period of ancient China. She was the daughter of Duke Xi of Qi and sister of Duke Xiang and Duke Huan of Qi. She was the main wife of Duke Huan of Lu and mother of Duke Zhuang of Lu. She is best known for having an incestuous relationship with her brother Duke Xiang, who had her husband murdered. Her clan name was Jiang (姜), her personal name is unknown, and Wen was her posthumous title.

Marriage and childbirth In 709 BC, during the reign of her father, Duke Xi of Qi, Wen Jiang married Duke Huan of Lu, who had ascended the throne of the neighbouring state of Lu in 712 BC. Three years later, Wen Jiang gave birth to a boy. The boy had the same birthday as his father; therefore, he was given the name Tong, meaning "the same," and was made the Crown Prince of Lu.

In 694 BC, Wen Jiang and her husband, Duke Huan, visited her home state of Qi, and Wen Jiang and Duke Xiang renewed their sexual liaison. When Duke Huan found out about their relationship, Duke Xiang ordered his half brother, Prince Pengsheng, to murder Duke Huan when he was drunk. In 686 BC Duke Xiang was murdered by his cousin Wuzhi, who usurped the Qi throne but was killed the following year. Prince Xiaobai, another brother of Wen Jiang, ascended the Qi throne, known as Duke Huan of Qi.

Wen Jiang died in the seventh month of 673 BC, during the 21st year of her son Duke Zhuang's reign.

Other children Besides Duke Zhuang, Wen Jiang and Duke Huan had two other sons named Shu Ya and Ji You. Duke Huan also had an older son named Qingfu with a concubine. Qingfu, Shu Ya, and Ji You were founders of three powerful clans that later controlled the power of Lu. Together they are called the Three Huan for all being descendants of Duke Huan. Ji You's lineage, called Jisun or Ji, eventually formed the splinter state of Fei.