Tom O'Brien

Tom O'Brien (c. 1851 − September 29, 1904) was an American confidence man and swindler during the late 19th century. He was popularly known as "King of the Bunco Men", along with other prominent tricksters such as Joseph "Hungry Joe" Lewis and Charles P. Miller, and organized countless bunco and confidence schemes throughout the United States, especially in New Orleans, Chicago and New York, as well as in Europe. He often partnered with a number of confidence and banco men such as Lon Ludlam, Red Adams, Frank Smith, Pete Carlisle, Ed Ray, Red Austin, Charley Hinnell, "Hungry Joe" Lewis and Reed Waddell. He later shot and killed Waddell in an argument over money following a scheme they had run in Paris, France.

He, like Waddell, was credited with having invented the "gold brick swindle". A classic con trick, he made at least $500,000 using this swindle during a five-month period at the Columbian Exposition of 1893 as one of many figures of the criminal underworld who attended the event.

Biography

Early criminal career A native of Chicago, Illinois, Tom O'Brien first appeared during the early 1880s, becoming notorious for his con games and confidence tricks. This was most evident in such major cities as New Orleans, Chicago and New York City where he based his operations for much of his criminal career. He frequently visited New Orleans throughout his life, both to devise new schemes and to see his mistress Anne Grey. Grey, a highly popular courtesan and madam in the city's underworld, ran a high-class "bagnio" on Burgundy Street and was extensively involved in confidence tricks in New York, Atlanta and Paris before arriving in Louisiana. During O'Brien's trial for Waddell's murder, Grey sold off all her assets so she could join O'Brien in Paris and was able to use her wealth to spare O'Brien from the guillotine.

Former NYPD police detective Thomas F. Byrnes, referred to O'Brien as "King of the Bunco Men" in his book Professional Criminals of America (1886) and claimed he had been arrested "in almost every city of the United States" and had spent at least twenty years in prison during his criminal career. He was perhaps most infamous as a "bunco steerer" and was alleged to have stolen around $500,000 in his criminal dealings.

O'Brien was able to take a Michigan farmer for $21,000 using this ploy, perhaps his most successful effort, but was eventually arrested for the 1889 theft of $10,000 in bonds from Albany businessman Rufus W. Peck in December 1891. Arrested in England, he was extradited back to the U.S. and, on March 25, 1892, was sentenced to ten years imprisonment in Clinton Prison. He was defended by William F. Howe. Other accounts claim he escaped from custody while being transported to Sing Sing.

Escape and years as a fugitive On April 21, 1892, O'Brien escaped from custody in Utica, New York while being escorted by James B. Buck on a writ of habeas corpus.

Murder of Reed Waddell O'Brien eventually returned to Paris in late 1894 or early 1895 where he and Reed Waddell, another con man he previously worked with throughout the U.S., became partners in a banco swindle. Once they decided to end their operation however, they began arguing over the division of the spoils. It was later claimed that dispute arose from an argument in which Waddell allegedly refused to loan O'Brien money while on the run. The argument eventually resulted in O'Brien shooting Waddell at the Northern Railway Station in Paris on March 27, 1895. O'Brien was taken into custody shortly after, where he gave his name as "Edward O'Brien" and claimed to be a resident of Cambridge, New York. The New York City Police Department believed otherwise, Detective Sergeant George McClusky publicly stating there was "little doubt that the man under arrest was Tom O'Brien", and American authorities petitioned the French government for his extradition. Waddell died several days later and, despite his claim to police that he had never seen O'Brien before, O'Brien was charged with his murder. His trial, however, was postponed while the U.S. State Department formally requested that the French government return O'Brien to the United States on the grounds of being a fugitive from justice.

Imprisonment at Devil's Island He was eventually convicted of murder on March 14, 1896, and although the prosecution called for the mandatory death sentence by guillotine, O'Brien was instead sentenced to life imprisonment in the infamous French penal colony Devil's Island. His defense attorney Maftre Demange had claimed during the trial that the two men had exchanged gunfire, rather than O'Brien having killed Waddell in cold blood, and that gunfights were common in settling disputes in the United States. He also downplayed O'Brien's criminal record, claiming he was "merely a gambling cheat", and that he was in fear of his life and acting in self-defense at the time of the murder. He spent another six years on the island until French officials reported his death on September 29, 1904.