Stepan Vaganov

Stepan Vaganov (Russian: Степан Ваганов; 1886–1918) was a Russian sailor and Bolshevik revolutionary. A participant in the establishment of Soviet power in the Urals and in the civil war, he is known for his personal participation in the murder of the Romanov family under Yakov Yurovsky on 17 July 1918.

Biography

Early life and military service

Stepan Vaganov was born in 1886 near the Verkh-Isetsky Metallurgical Plant, in a working-class family. He was brought up in an Orthodox family and finished education at the parish school and got a job as a locksmith. In 1907, Vaganov was married to a resident of his village, Olga Ivanovna. The wedding took place in the Church of the Nativity of Christ of the same faith. After the wedding, the young couple lived in the parental home of the Vaganovs, where they had seven children in seven years.

In 1910 he was called up for military service, graduated from the Mineman School for lower ranks in Kronstadt, and served on the 2nd rank cruiser Asia. With the outbreak of the First World War, he was transferred to the mine layer Ladoga. He was noted in reports for his courage in naval combat. In 1915 he joined the RSDLP (b) and already in 1916 was first arrested for an attempt to smuggle the issue of the newspaper "Proletarian Voice" of the Petrograd Committee of the RSDLP (b) onto the ship. He was sentenced to six months and served his sentence in the Revel Coastal Prison.

The executions

After the Russian Revolution Vaganov joined the Red Guard, which were later incorporated as the first units of the Red Army following the outbreak of the Russian Civil War in 1918. He returned to his native Yekaterinburg and soon rose to become the right-hand man of Peter Ermakov, the military commissar of the 4th District of the Red Army Reserve in Yekaterinburg. In this position, Ermakov had in his direct subordination a special detachment of the Red Guards consisting of 19 men, the head of which was Vaganov. In June 1918, Vaganov took part in the suppression Verkh-Isetsk uprising under Ermakov's command. During this period he was actively involved in repression against the entrepreneurs and the workers alike in Yekaterinburg, the activity of which included expropriations and executions. By all accounts, Vaganov along with Ermakov were the most bloodthirsty and aggressive of the executioners.

Death

Over the next few days, the Bolsheviks hastily evacuated from Yekaterinburg ahead of the advance of the White-aligned Czechoslovak Legion. Though a number of Bolsheviks remained in the city when the Czechoslovaks finally arrived, almost all of those involved in the killing of the Imperial Family had already fled. A notable exception was Vaganov, who was unable to escape in time and found himself trapped in the city when it was taken by the White Czechs under Colonel Voytsekhovsky on 25 July.

Vaganov's death, as well as his role in the regicide, was fully investigated by Nikolai Sokolov's commission established after the Whites came to power in Yekaterinburg. "The beauty and pride of the revolution", wrote Sokolov, "did not have time to escape from Yekaterinburg". Gleb is tasked by his superiors with completing his father's legacy and assassinating Anastasia, but ultimately realizes, unlike his father, he does not have it in him to commit cold-blooded murder and relents, allowing Anastasia to escape and telling the press there "never was an Anastasia". The character of Gleb was invented for the musical to replace the supernatural Rasputin, who is ahistorically depicted as being behind the family's murder in the original 1997 animated film. None of the real Stepan Vaganov's children were known to be named Gleb. It is believed that when Ahrens and Flaherty decided to make the villain of the musical adaptation the son of Stepan Vaganov, they were unable to find the names of his children, so they looked at a list of popular Russian male names and they picked Gleb.