Sharlene E. Santana

Education

Undergraduate education Santana received her bachelor's degree in Biology at the Universidad de Los Andes (University of the Andes) in Mérida, Venezuela in 2004. When she began her university studies, she initially intended to pursue a concentration in molecular biology; however, her career interests changed as she attended undergraduate classes, and Santana eventually developed an affinity for environmental field work and behavioral studies, which led her to her to choose fruit bats as the topic of her undergraduate thesis.

Santana's doctoral dissertation was titled "The Evolution Of Cranial Morphology, Feeding Performance And Behavior In Neotropical Leaf-Nosed Bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)". This research focused on how the cranial anatomy of Neotropical Leaf-Nosed Bats affects their feeding behavior, as well as how various feeding morphologies develop over evolutionary time.

Career and research

Post-doctoral appointment The Golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia) is one of the many primates that was analyzed in Santana's facial coloring research. The deteriorating economic and political climate of Venezuela compelled Santana to seek out postdoctoral opportunities in the United States, despite an initial desire to pursue a research career in Venezuela. During her time as a postdoctoral fellow, Santana continued to publish research on bat morphology and feeding behavior, in addition to new research on the evolutionary significance of facial coloring and markings in primates.

Santana's research on facial coloring in primates demonstrated that facial coloring is correlated with the size of the social groups that primates live in. In particular, Santana and her associates found that neotropical primates living in smaller social groupings tend to have more complex facial coloring and patterning. Santana's research has been praised for its innovative use of existing data, as much of the data used for her studies in primates was gathered from previously published images of primate facial features, taking advantage of databases such as ARKive, InfoNatura, and All the World's Primates.

University of Washington In 2012, Santana moved to Seattle after receiving a position as an assistant professor in the Department of Biology at the University of Washington, in Seattle, Washington. In the same year, Santana became the Curator of Mammals at the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, which is also affiliated with the University of Washington. Santana serves as the Principal investigator of the "Santana Lab", where she supervises a team consisting of Burke Museum collections staff, postdoctoral researchers, doctoral (PhD) students, and a number of undergraduate students. The Santana Lab primarily investigates Chiropterans, with a focus on cataloging morphological diversity and understanding the macroevolutionary processes that allowed for the development of the wide variety of bats seen in modern times.

Santana has traveled widely to pursue her research interests and she has conducted investigations in many countries, including Panama, Grenada, Costa Rica. Santana became a Fulbright Scholar in November 2019, and through the Fulbright Program, she received a grant to complete research in association with the University of Costa Rica, in a project titled "Ecological and Evolutionary Dynamics Between Fruiting Plants and Frugivores".

Santana is a member of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology where she serves on the Integrative and Comparative Biology Editorial Board. In addition, she is a member of the North American Society for Bat Research (NASBR), where she has served as the Awards Chair on the NASBR Board of Directors.

Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture The main entrance to the Burke Museum of Natural History in Seattle, Washington, which houses a Mammalogy collection curated by Santana that contains over 55,000 specimens. As a curator, Santana has led efforts to increase the accessibility of the Burke Museum's specimen collections. In 2017, Santana, along with Luke Tornabene, Adam Summers, and Katherine Maslenikov, helped the museum to join openVertebrate, a large-scale collaborative digitization project led by the Florida Museum of Natural History at the University of Florida. The openVertebrate project received $2.5 million from the National Science Foundation to help the museums of 18 academic institutions to upload 3D computerized tomography (CT) scans of vertebrate species onto MorphoSource, a publicly accessible database of biological and cultural data. Collectively, the openVertebrate team plans to publish high-resolution scans of more than 20,000 individual vertebrate specimens, which would allow their collection to showcase more than 25% of known vertebrate species and over 80% of known vertebrate genera.

Outreach and activism Santana has worked to increase opportunities for underrepresented minorities in STEM fields, with a particular focus on Native American students. In 2016, Santana and professor Paul Gignac of Oklahoma State University received a $15,000 grant, which was used to help Native American students attend the 2016 Annual Meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology. Santana hopes to draw Native American students into STEM careers by increasing students' exposure to scientific research conferences and providing opportunities to attend professional events.

As a graduate student, Santana served on the Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Outreach Committee at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where she worked to increase the accessibility of science by providing informational resources, events, and workshops to the public. As a professor, Santana has served on the Broadening Participation Committee of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, as well as the Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Committee of the North American Society for Bat Research.

The Santana Lab has also produced "Pocket Bats", a digital application that allows members of the public to access a database of micro Computerized Tomography (microCT) scans using virtual reality software. Users can view realistic, textured models of bat skulls using "Augment", a real-time 3D modeling application that is freely available on both iOS/iPadOS and Android devices.

Recognition, awards, and honors Numerous organizations have recognized Santana's scientific contributions, including One Million Women in STEM, a nonprofit aimed at tracking and highlighting the contributions that women have made to scientific disciplines. Santana has also been quoted in the New York Times and her work has been featured on NBC News and in Smithsonian Magazine. She has led seminars at a wide range of universities and academic institutions, including Harvard University, Texas A&M University, the University of Michigan, and Northern Arizona University.

Santana has received numerous professional accolades, including the Carl Gans Award (2016), and the Dwight D. Davis Award (2010, Honorable Mention), and the University of Massachusetts Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Teaching Award (2008).

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