Sarah Orne Jewett

Theodora Sarah Orne Jewett (September 3, 1849 – June 24, 1909) was an American novelist, short story writer and poet, best known for her local color works set along or near the southern coast of Maine. Jewett is recognized as an important practitioner of American literary regionalism.

Early life Sarah Orne Jewett was born in South Berwick, Maine, on September 3, 1849. Her family had been residents of New England for many generations.

Jewett's father, Theodore Herman Jewett, was a doctor specializing in "obstetrics and diseases of women and children," and Jewett often accompanied him on his rounds, becoming acquainted with the sights and sounds of her native land and its people. Her mother was Caroline Frances (Perry). As treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, a condition that developed in her early childhood, Jewett was sent on frequent walks and through them also developed a love of nature. In later life, Jewett often visited Boston, where she was acquainted with many of the most influential literary figures of her day; but she always returned to South Berwick, small seaports near which were the inspiration for the towns of "Deephaven" and "Dunnet Landing" in her stories.

Jewett was educated at Miss Olive Rayne's school and then at Berwick Academy, graduating in 1866. She supplemented her education with reading in her extensive family library. Jewett was "never overtly religious", but after she joined the Episcopal Church in 1871, she explored less conventional religious ideas. For example, her friendship with Harvard law professor Theophilus Parsons stimulated an interest in the teachings of Emanuel Swedenborg, an eighteenth-century Swedish scientist and theologian, who believed that the Divine "was present in innumerable, joined forms — a concept underlying Jewett's belief in individual responsibility."

Career

In 1868 at age 18, Jewett published her first important story, "Jenny Garrow's Lovers," in The Flag of Our Union, and her reputation grew throughout the 1870s and 1880s. Jewett used the pen name "Alice Eliot" or "A. C. Eliot" for her early stories. Jewett possessed a keen descriptive gift that William Dean Howells called "an uncommon feeling for talk — I hear your people." Jewett made her reputation with the novella The Country of the Pointed Firs (1896). A Country Doctor (1884), a novel reflecting her father and her early ambitions for a medical career, and A White Heron (1886), a collection of short stories, are among her finest work. Some of Jewett's poetry was collected in Verses (1916), and she also wrote three children's books. Willa Cather described Jewett as a significant influence on her development as a writer, and "feminist critics have since championed her writing for its rich account of women's lives and voices." In 1901 Bowdoin College conferred an honorary doctorate of literature on Jewett, the first woman to be granted an honorary degree by Bowdoin. In Jewett's obituary in 1909, The Boston Globe remarked on the strength that lay in "the detail of her work, in fine touches, in simplicity." Jewett's letters and diaries reveal that as a young woman, Jewett had close relationships with several women, including Grace Gordon, Kate Birckhead, Georgie Halliburton, Ella Walworth, and Ellen Mason. For instance, from evidence in her diary, Jewett appears to have had an intense crush on Kate Birckhead. Jewett later established a close friendship with writer Annie Adams Fields (1834–1915) and her husband, publisher James T. Fields, editor of the Atlantic Monthly.

After the sudden death of James Fields in 1881, Jewett paid a condolence visit to Annie Fields. Fields found solace in subsequent visits from Jewett and their relationship grew. Jewett and Fields began living together in what was then termed a "Boston marriage" in Fields's homes in Manchester-by-the-Sea, MA, and at 148 Charles Street in Boston. In France Jewett met Thérèse Blanc-Bentzon with whom she had long corresponded and who translated some of her stories for publication in France. Jewett's poetry, much of it unpublished, includes approximately thirty love poems or fragments of poems written to women which illustrate the intensity of her feelings toward them.

On September 3, 1902, Jewett was injured in a carriage accident that all but ended her writing career. She was paralyzed by a stroke in March 1909, and she died in her South Berwick home after suffering another stroke on June 24, 1909.

Annie Adams Fields published her correspondence with Jewett in 1911. Jewett and her sister Mary inherited the house in 1887.

In popular culture

The 2019 film The Lighthouse based the down-east accent of character Ephraim Winslow (played by Robert Pattinson) on Jewett's phonetic transcription of period speech in southern Maine.

American-British author Henry James was inspired by Annie Fields and Sarah Orne Jewett's relationship when writing his 1886 novel The Bostonians.

Selected works

Novels Deephaven, James R. Osgood, 1877 A Country Doctor, Houghton-Mifflin, 1884 A Marsh Island, Houghton-Mifflin, 1885 Betty Leicester: A Story for Girls, Houghton-Mifflin, 1890 Betty Leicester's English Christmas: A New Chapter of an Old Story, privately printed for the Bryn Mawr School, 1894 The Country of the Pointed Firs, Houghton-Mifflin, 1896 The Tory Lover, Houghton-Mifflin, 1901

Short story and short fiction collections Play Days, Houghton, Osgood, 1878 Old Friends and New, Houghton, Osgood, 1879 Country By-Ways, Houghton-Mifflin, 1881 Katy's Birthday with Other Stories, 1883 The Mate of the Daylight, and Friends Ashore, Houghton-Mifflin, 1884 A White Heron and Other Stories, Houghton-Mifflin, 1886 The King of Folly Island and Other People, Houghton-Mifflin, 1888 Tales of New England, Houghton-Mifflin, 1890 Strangers and Wayfarers, Houghton-Mifflin, 1890 A Native of Winby and Other Tales, Houghton-Mifflin, 1893 The Life of Nancy, Houghton-Mifflin, 1895 The Queen's Twin and Other Stories, Houghton-Mifflin, 1899 An Empty Purse: A Christmas Story, privately printed, 1905

Poetry Verses, 1916

Non-fiction The Story of the Normans, Told Chiefly in Relation to Their Conquest of England, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1887